Subject Matter Index (Cases)

• Air
  • All Results
  • Air (generally)
    • All Results
    • Air quality
    • Indoor Air Environments
    • Indoor air pollution
    • Noise pollution
    • Ozone-depleting chemicals
    • Stationary sources
  • Clean Air Act (CAA)
    • All Results
    • Administration, §301
    • Air quality criteria, §108
    • Aircraft, §231
    • Amendments of 1990
    • Auto emission standards
      • All Results
      • Certificate of conformity, §203(a)(1)
      • Emissions standards compliance program, §217(a)
      • New motor vehicle emission standards, §202
        • All Results
        • Onboard vapor recovery systems, §202(a)(6)
        • State standards
      • Nonroad engines and vehicles, §213
      • State standards, §209
    • Citizen suits, §304
      • All Results
      • District court jurisdiction, §304(a)
      • Notice of intent to sue, §304(b)
    • Designation as attainment/nonattainment
    • Enforcement, §113
      • All Results
      • "Credible evidence"
      • Civil penalty provisions, §113(b)
        • All Results
        • Mitigation
        • Penalty assessment criteria, §113(e)
      • Criminal penalty provisions, §113(c)
      • Injunctive relief
      • Jurisdiction
    • Federal ozone measures, §183
    • Fuels regulation, §211
    • Greenhouse gases
    • Hazardous air pollutants, §112
      • All Results
      • Brick and ceramic kiln standards
      • Hazardous waste combustor standards
      • Maximum achievable control technology (MACT)
      • Mercury emissions
      • Methanol
      • Portland cement emissions regulations
      • Solid waste incineration units
      • Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions (SSMs)
    • Interstate pollution abatement, §126
    • Judicial review
      • All Results
      • Court of appeals jurisdiction, §307(b)
        • All Results
        • 60-day requirement
        • Appropriate court
        • Final agency action
        • Held included
      • Deference
      • District court jurisdiction
      • State-court review
    • Monitoring
    • National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS), §109
      • All Results
      • Federal actions
      • Review and revision, §109(d)
    • New source performance standards, §111
      • All Results
      • "Affected" facilities
      • Standards of performance, §111(a)
        • All Results
        • Best demonstrated system
        • Best demonstrated technology
      • Violations
    • New source review
    • Operating permits,§§501-507
    • Outer continental shelf (OCS)
    • Ozone-depleting substances
    • Ozone-depleting substances substitutes, §612
    • Ozone plan submissions and requirements, §182
    • Preemption
      • All Results
      • Held not preempted
      • Held preempted
    • Prevention of significant deterioration (PSD)
      • All Results
      • "Modification" construed
      • Baseline areas
      • New source review
      • Permits
      • Preconstruction requirements, §165
        • All Results
        • "Best available control technology" construed
      • Redesignation of class areas
      • Visibility protection for class I areas, §169A
    • Reformulated gasoline
    • Regulatory program
    • Solid waste combustion, §129
    • State implementation plans (SIPs)
      • All Results
      • Approval and revision, §110(a)
      • Enforcement
      • Federal implementation plans (FIPs), §110(c)(1)
      • Part D SIPs, §§171-193
        • All Results
        • Auto inspection and maintenance (I/M) program
        • Conformity requirements, §176(c)
        • Interstate transport commissions, §176A
        • New motor vehicle emission standards, §177
        • Nonattainment plan submissions and requirements for ozone, §182
      • Transportation plans and programs
        • All Results
        • Conformity requirements, §176(c)
    • Whistleblower provision
• Climate Change
  • All Results
  • Climate Change (generally)
• Energy
  • All Results
  • Energy (generally)
    • All Results
    • Alternative Energy
    • Atomic Energy Act (AEA)
      • All Results
      • Licensing process
        • All Results
        • Hearing requirements, §189(a)
      • NRC duties
      • NRC jurisdiction
      • Preemption
        • All Results
        • Held preempted
      • Relationship to other statutes
    • Comprehensive National Energy Policy Act (CNEPA)
    • Energy Policy Act of 2005
    • Energy Policy and Conservation Act
      • All Results
      • Preemption
    • Federal Power Act (FPA)
      • All Results
      • Electric Reliability Organization (ERO)
      • Electric transmission facility siting
      • Enforcement
      • Hydroelectric plants, licensing of, §10
        • All Results
        • Agency recommendations, §10(j)
      • Notice, §9
      • Permits and licensing, §4(e)
      • Preemption
      • Projects affecting navigable waters
    • Hydraulic Fracturing
    • Northwest Power Act (NPA)
      • All Results
      • Bonneville Power Administration (BPA)
      • Columbia River basin fish and wildlife plan
      • Non-treaty storage agreements
    • Nuclear Energy
      • All Results
      • Facility siting
      • Public health and safety
      • Safety of nuclear power plant operations
  • Radiation
• Governance
  • All Results
  • Administrative Law
    • All Results
    • Government in the Sunshine Act (GSA)
      • All Results
      • Definitions
      • Disclosure exempted by statute, Exemption 3
      • Public health and safety
    • Judicial review
      • All Results
      • Actions reviewable
      • Actions unreviewable
      • Administrative record
    • Mandamus
    • Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
    • Rulemaking
  • Administrative Procedure Act (APA)
    • All Results
    • "Final agency action" construed
      • All Results
      • Held included
      • Held not included
    • Adjudications, §554
    • Judicial review, §§701-706
      • All Results
      • Exhaustion of administrative process
      • Right of review, §702
      • Scope of review, §706
        • All Results
        • Agency action withheld or delayed, §706(1)
      • Standard of review, §706(2)
      • Statute of limitations
    • Notice requirements, §552
  • Agencies
  • Bankruptcy
  • Civil Procedure
    • All Results
    • Admissions, FRCP 36
    • Amendment of judgment, FRCP 59
    • Amendment of pleadings, FRCP 15
      • All Results
      • Amendment of complaints, FRCP 15(a)
    • Appeals
    • Attorneys fees
      • All Results
      • Catalyst test
      • Enhanced rates
      • Fees denied
      • Hourly rates
      • Hours expended, calculation of
      • Insurance
      • Lodestar adjustment
      • Prevailing party
    • Bifurcation
    • Class actions, FRCP 23
      • All Results
      • CERCLA
      • Class Action Fairness Act
      • Class certification, FRCP 23(b)
        • All Results
        • Common questions, FRCP 23(b)(3)
        • Injunctive relief, FRCP 23(b)(2)
        • Statute of limitations
      • Notice
      • Prerequisites, FRCP 23(a)
      • Settlement
    • Condemnation of property, FRCP 71A
    • Consolidation, FRCP 42
    • Directed verdict and judgment notwithstanding the verdict, FRCP 50
    • Discovery
    • Dismissal of actions, FRCP 41
    • Duty to disclose, FRCP 26
    • Injunctions
      • All Results
      • Injunction bonds
      • Mandatory
      • Preliminary
        • All Results
        • Appropriateness
        • Balance of harms
        • Burden of proof
        • Irreparable injury
        • Likelihood of success on the merits
        • Modification
        • Public interest, impact on
        • Stay of
      • Standard of review
    • Injunctions, FRCP 65
      • All Results
      • Form and scope of injunction, FRCP 65(d)
    • Intervention, FRCP 24
      • All Results
      • As of right, by subject matter interest, FRCP 24(a)(2)
        • All Results
        • Impairment of interest
        • Inadequacy of representation
        • Legally protectable interest
        • Remoteness of interest in action
        • Standing
        • Timeliness of motion
      • Timeliness of motion
    • Joinder/Necessary parties, FRCP 19
      • All Results
      • Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act)
      • FWPCA citizen suit
      • Natural resource damages
      • NEPA
    • Removal
    • Statute of limitations
      • All Results
      • Action barred
      • Action not barred
    • Stay of proceedings to enforce a judgment, FRCP 62
    • Subpoenas, FRCP 45
    • Summary judgment, FRCP 56
    • Venue
  • Constitutional Law
    • All Results
    • Appointments Clause
    • Article III
      • All Results
      • Administrative proceedings
      • Case-or-controversy requirement
    • Commerce Clause
      • All Results
      • Air pollution
      • Waste facility siting
      • Water pollution
    • Compact Clause
    • Contract Clause
    • Delegation of legislative authority
    • Double Jeopardy Clause
    • Due process
      • All Results
      • Deprivation of property
      • Hearing requirements
      • Is not violated by
      • Is violated by
      • Notice
      • Protected liberty interest
      • Protected property interest
      • Substantive due process
        • All Results
        • Claim held insufficient
        • Claim held sufficient
        • Held not violated
        • Held violated
      • Void-for-vagueness
    • Eleventh Amendment
      • All Results
      • Held not to bar suit
      • Held not waived
      • Held to bar suit
      • Held waived
    • Eminent domain
    • Equal footing doctrine
    • Equal protection
      • All Results
      • Claim held sufficient
      • Factual issues
      • Held not violated by
    • Establishment Clause
    • Fifth Amendment
      • All Results
      • Due Process Clause
        • All Results
        • Held not violated by
    • First Amendment
      • All Results
      • Free Exercise Clause
      • Free speech
        • All Results
        • Cal. statute
        • Federal Office of Government Ethics regulation
        • Forest Service regulation
    • Fourteenth Amendment
    • Fourth Amendment
    • Ninth Amendment
    • Preemption
      • All Results
      • ESA
      • Federal maritime law
      • Federal Mining Act of 1872
      • Federal Railroad Safety Act
      • FLPMA
      • Illinois Environmental Protection Act
      • Interstate Commerce Commission Termination Act
      • Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act
      • National Wildlife Refuge Systems Improvement Act
      • Natural Gas Act
      • OPA
      • Pipeline Safety Improvement Act
      • Price-Anderson Amendments Act
      • RCRA
    • Privileges and Immunities Clause
    • Separation of powers
    • Seventh Amendment
      • All Results
      • Jury trial denied
    • Supremacy Clause
    • Taking of private property
      • All Results
      • "Property" construed
      • Appropriate forum
      • Appropriate remedy
      • Economic viability test
      • Federal condemnation
      • Inverse condemnation
      • Just compensation
      • Noxious use doctrine
      • Permanent physical takings
      • Private use
      • Public use
      • Regulatory takings
      • Temporary takings
      • Zoning
    • Tonnage Clause
  • Contracts
    • All Results
    • Arbitration agreements
    • Breach
    • Fraudulent misrepresentation
    • Government contracts
    • Lease agreements
    • Public policy
    • Purchase agreements
    • Renewal
    • Settlement agreements
    • Warranty
  • Corporate Law
    • All Results
    • Corporate officer liability
      • All Results
      • Held not personally liable
      • Held personally liable
      • Indemnification
      • Responsible corporate officer doctrine
    • Derivative actions
    • Parent corporation liability
    • Place of business
    • Securities and Exchange Commission
    • Shareholder liability
    • Stock sales
  • Courts
    • All Results
    • Appellate review
    • Comity
    • Declaratory Judgment Act (DJA)
      • All Results
      • Abstention
      • Independent basis for jurisdiction
      • Ripeness
    • Estoppel
    • Forum non conveniens
    • Jurisdiction
      • All Results
      • Amount in controversy
      • Ancillary jurisdiction
      • Bankruptcy courts
      • District courts
        • All Results
        • Act of State doctrine
        • Bonneville Project Act
        • CAA
        • CERCLA
        • Diversity
        • ESA
        • FIFRA
        • FLPMA
        • Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
        • FWPCA
        • Hobbs Act
        • NEPA
        • Price-Anderson Amendments Act
        • Quiet Title Act
        • RCRA
        • SMCRA
        • Water rights adjudication
      • Federal question jurisdiction
        • All Results
        • "Arises under" construed
        • Torts
      • Political question doctrine
      • Primary jurisdiction
      • State court jurisdiction
      • Subject matter jurisdiction
        • All Results
        • APA
        • Due process rights
        • Natural Gas Act
        • NEPA
        • Taking of private property
      • Supplemental jurisdiction
    • Law of the case
    • Mootness
      • All Results
      • Administrative orders
      • APA
      • CAA
      • Constitutional law
      • FIFRA
      • FWPCA
        • All Results
        • Held moot
        • Held not moot
    • Qualified immunity
    • Recusal
    • Removal jurisdiction
    • Res judicata
      • All Results
      • Held not to bar suit
      • Held to bar suit
    • Sovereign immunity
      • All Results
      • Actions to set aside consent judgments
      • APA
      • Contract Disputes Act
      • Driftnet Fishing Act
      • FTCA
      • McCarran Amendment
      • RCRA
    • Standing to sue
      • All Results
      • "Fairly traceable" construed
      • "Injury-in-fact" test
        • All Results
        • Aesthetic and recreational interests
        • Economic interests
        • Held not satisfied
        • Held satisfied
        • Informational injury
        • Procedural injury
      • Appeals
      • Associational standing
        • All Results
        • Aesthetic and recreational harm
        • Germaneness requirement
        • Harm to members
        • Injury to organization
        • Procedural injury
      • Consent decrees
      • Government contracts
      • Parens patriae standing
      • Prudential limits
      • Standing to intervene
      • Taxpayer standing
      • Third-party standing
    • Stare decisis
    • Supervisory powers
    • Temporary restraining order (TRO)
    • Waiver/release
  • Criminal Law
    • All Results
    • Criminal Procedure
    • Malicious prosecution
    • Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)
    • Sentencing guidelines
  • Enforcement and Compliance
    • All Results
    • Civil penalties
    • Criminal penalties
    • Forfeiture proceedings
    • Selective prosecution
    • Vindictive prosecution
  • Environmental Justice
    • All Results
    • Civil rights claims
      • All Results
      • Damages
      • Private right of action
  • Environmental Law and Policy/Governance
  • False Claims Act (FCA)
  • Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)
    • All Results
    • "Established" construed
    • "Utilized" construed
    • Injunctive relief
    • Standing
  • Federal Jurisdiction
  • Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
    • All Results
    • Document publication
    • Equitable exemptions
    • Exemption No. 2
    • Exemption No. 3
    • Exemption No. 4
    • Exemption No. 5
      • All Results
      • Deliberative-process privilege
      • Interagency memoranda
    • Exemption No. 6
    • Exemption No. 7
    • Search methodology
  • Human Rights
    • All Results
    • Civil Rights Act (CRA)
      • All Results
      • Title VI
  • Infrastructure
  • Insurance
    • All Results
    • "Claims-made" pollution liability policy
    • After-acquired property
    • Aggregation of claims
    • Allocation of damages
    • Bad-faith action
    • Choice of law
    • Differences in conditions policies
    • Duty to defend
      • All Results
      • Allocation of defense costs
      • Held applicable in
      • Held inapplicable in
      • Held not triggered by
      • Held triggered by
      • Jurisdiction
      • Persons insured
    • Duty to indemnify
    • Excess liability policy
    • Missing or lost policies
    • National Flood Insurance Program
    • Notice
  • International
    • All Results
    • Africa
    • Court of International Trade (CIT)
    • India
    • North America
    • South America
  • Liability
  • Public participation
  • Risk Assessment
  • Sustainability
  • Tax
  • Tort Law
    • All Results
    • Causation, proof of
    • Defamation
    • Emotional distress
    • Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA)
      • All Results
      • Bars
      • Discretionary function exception
        • All Results
        • Included
        • Not included
      • Does not bar
      • Does not violate
      • Sovereign immunity
      • Statute of limitations
    • Fraud
    • Interference with prospective business expectancies
    • Misrepresentation
    • Negligence
      • All Results
      • Consultant liability
      • Corporate liability
      • Duty of care
      • Duty to disclose
      • Duty to warn
      • Infliction of emotional distress
      • Negligence per se
    • Nuisance
      • All Results
      • Air pollution
      • Groundwater pollution
      • Hazardous waste disposal
      • Surface water
      • Underground oil spills
      • Water pollution
    • Product liability
    • Restitution/indemnity
    • Sovereign immunity
    • Statute of limitations
    • Strict liability
      • All Results
      • Abnormally dangerous activities
      • Cause of action
    • Toxic torts
      • All Results
      • Corporate liability
      • Damages
      • Evidentiary standards
      • Groundwater contamination
    • Trespass
  • Trade
  • Tribes
  • U.S. Government
    • All Results
    • Agriculture, Department of
      • All Results
      • Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
      • Farm Service Agency
      • Forest Service
        • All Results
        • Regulations
      • Regulations
    • Congress
    • Defense, Department of
      • All Results
      • Army, Department of the
      • Army Corps of Engineers
        • All Results
        • FWPCA powers and duties
        • NEPA compliance
        • Privacy Act
        • Rivers and Harbors Act
        • Water Resources Development Act powers and duties
      • Navy, Department of the
    • Energy, Department of
      • All Results
      • Atomic Energy Act powers and duties
      • Bonneville Power Administration (BPA)
      • Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board
      • Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
        • All Results
        • Federal Power Act powers and duties
        • FERC Uniform System of Accounts
        • Licensing procedures
        • Natural Gas Act
        • Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act
        • Rulemaking
        • Shipping agreements
      • Nuclear Waste Policy Act powers and duties
    • Environmental Protection Agency
      • All Results
      • AEA powers and duties
      • FWPCA powers and duties
        • All Results
        • Citizen suits
        • Dredge and fill regulation
      • Office of Government Ethics regulation
      • RCRA powers and duties
      • SDWA powers and duties
    • Federal Aviation Administration
    • Federal Communications Comm'n
    • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
    • Interior, Department of the
      • All Results
      • Indian Affairs, Bureau of
      • Interior Board of Land Appeals
      • Land Management, Bureau of
        • All Results
        • FLPMA powers and duties
        • Mineral Leasing Act powers and duties
        • Oil leases
        • Rangeland management
      • Minerals Management Service
      • National Park Service
        • All Results
        • National park management
      • Secretary's powers
    • Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
      • All Results
      • Regulatory authority
    • President
      • All Results
      • Executive Orders
        • All Results
        • E.O. No. 12630
    • Tennessee Valley Authority
• Land Use
  • All Results
  • Agriculture
  • Land Use (generally)
    • All Results
    • Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA)
      • All Results
      • Land use planning, §202
        • All Results
        • Resource management plans (RMPs)
      • Rights-of-way
      • Wilderness study areas
      • Withdrawals, §204
    • Historic Preservation
    • Inverse condemnation
    • National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA)
      • All Results
      • Effects of federal action on historic sites, §106
    • Property
      • All Results
      • Condemnation
      • Easements
      • Property rights
      • Public trust doctrine
    • Quiet Title Act (QTA)
      • All Results
      • Jurisdiction
      • Native American lands exception
      • Statute of limitations
    • Regulation
    • Restoration
    • Shoreline use
    • State land-use planning laws
    • Submerged lands
    • Zoning
  • Public Lands
    • All Results
    • Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act
    • BLM lands
      • All Results
      • Livestock grazing
      • Resource development
      • Timber sales
    • Mining Claims Act
    • National forests
      • All Results
      • Allegheny National Forest, Pa.
      • Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, Ariz.
      • Apache National Forest, N.M.
      • Beaverhead National Forest, Mont.
      • Bitterroot National Forest (Mont.)
      • Black Hills National Forest, S.D./Wyo.
      • Boise and Payette National Forests, Idaho
      • Caribou-Targhee National Forest, Idaho
      • Colville National Forest, Wash.
      • Coronado National Forest, Ariz.
      • Deschutes National Forest, Or.
      • El Dorado National Forest (Cal.)
      • Flathead National Forest, Mont.
      • Fremont National Forest, Or.
      • Gallatin National Forest
      • George Washington National Forest, Va.
      • Gila National Forest, N.M.
      • Green Mountain National Forest, Vt.
      • Hoosier National Forest, Ind.
      • Humboldt National Forest, Nev.
      • Huron-Manistee National Forest, Mich.
      • Idaho Panhandle National Forest
      • Jefferson National Forest W. Va.
      • Kootenai National Forest, Mont.
      • Lewis and Clark National Forest, Or.
      • Lolo National Forest, Mont.
      • Malheur National Forest, Or.
      • Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, Wash.
      • Nez Perce National Forest, Idaho
      • Ozark National Forest, Ark.
      • Payette National Forest, Idaho
      • Plumas National Forest, Cal.
      • Prescott National Forest, Ariz.
      • Rogue River National Forest, Or.
      • Santa Fe National Forest, N.M.
      • Sawtooth National Forest, Idaho
      • Shawnee National Forest, Ill.
      • Sierra Nevada National Forest, Cal.
      • Siskiyou Forest Reserve and Siskiyou National Forest, Or.
      • Six Rivers National Forest, Cal.
      • Superior National Forest, Minn.
      • Toiyabe National Forest, Nev.
      • Tongass National Forest, Alaska
      • Umatilla National Forest, Or.
      • Wallowa-Whitman National Forest
      • Wayne National Forest, Ohio
      • White River National Forest, Colo.
    • National monuments
    • National Park Service Organic Act (NPSOA)
    • National Parks System
      • All Results
      • Canyonlands National Park, Utah
      • Gettysburg National Park
      • Grand Canyon National Park
      • Grand Teton National Park, Mont.
      • Horn Island
      • Regulations
      • Yellowstone National Park, Mont.
    • National preserves
    • National recreation areas
      • All Results
      • Hells Canyon National Recreation Area (HCNRA), Or.
      • Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Ariz./Nev.
    • National Wildlife Refuge System
      • All Results
      • Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska
      • Matagorda Island, Tex.
    • Wilderness areas
      • All Results
      • Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness Area
      • Wilderness study areas (WSA)
  • Transportation
    • All Results
    • Highways
      • All Results
      • Appalachian Highway Development System (W. Va.)
      • Central Artery project (Mass.)
      • Hiawatha Ave. corridor (Minn.)
      • Route 29 Riverfront spur project (N.J.)
      • Route 840 South (Tenn.)
      • Salisbury, Md., bypass
      • South Lawrence trafficway (Kan.)
  • Wilderness
    • All Results
    • Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (WSRA)
    • Wilderness Act of 1964
• Natural Resources
  • All Results
  • Compensatory Mitigation
  • Environmental Assessment/Impact Statement
  • Forests
    • All Results
    • Appeals Reform Act (ARA)
    • National Forest Management Act (NFMA)
      • All Results
      • Land and resource management plans (LRMPs), §6
        • All Results
        • Guidelines for LRMPs, §6(g)
        • Upheld
      • National forests
        • All Results
        • Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest
        • Bighorn National Forest
        • Black Hills National Forest
        • Boise National Forest
        • Dixie and Fishlake National Forests
        • George Washington National Forest
        • Green Mountain National Forest
        • Idaho national forests
        • Klamath National Forest
        • Lolo National Forest
        • National Fremont Forest
        • Ozark National Forest
        • Pacific Northwest forests
        • Payette National Forest
        • Prescott National Forest
        • Shawnee National Forest
        • Six Rivers National Forest
        • Targhee National Forest
        • Tongass National Forest
        • Wayne National Forest
        • White River National Forest
      • Regulations
      • Regulatory authority
      • Timber sales
    • Timber Sales
      • All Results
      • Contract Disputes Act (CDA)
  • Mining
    • All Results
    • Constitutionality
    • Federal Mine Safety and Health Act (FMSHA)
      • All Results
      • Health and safety standards
      • Significant and substantial finding
    • Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 (MLA)
      • All Results
      • Coal leasing
      • Oil and gas leases and prospecting permits, §17
        • All Results
        • BLM authority
      • Rights-of-way, §28
      • Royalty interests
      • Statute of limitations
    • Mining Law of 1872
    • Moratorium on processing patent applications
    • Property rights
    • Regulations
    • Sites
      • All Results
      • Bethel Nos. 1 & 2
      • Kittle Flats (W. Va.)
    • Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA)
      • All Results
      • Attorneys fees
      • Buffer zone rule
      • Citizen suits, §520
        • All Results
        • Cause of action
        • Liability
      • Consent decrees
      • Judicial review, §526
        • All Results
        • Court of appeals jurisdiction
        • District court jurisdiction
      • Permanent regulatory program
      • Permits, §506
      • State laws, §505
      • State programs, §503
        • All Results
        • Eleventh Amendment
      • Subsidence, §720
  • National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
    • All Results
    • "Major Federal action" construed
      • All Results
      • Held included
      • Held not included
    • Alternatives, §102(2)(E)
    • Application to
      • All Results
      • Airports
      • Business park
      • Construction
      • Energy resource projects
      • Genetic engineering
      • Highways
      • Historic places
      • Hydroelectric plants
      • International affairs
      • National Airspace System
      • National forests
      • National parks
      • Native American lands/resources
      • Nuclear power facilities
      • Oil and gas lease
      • Oil exploration
      • Pipelines
      • Railroads
      • State officials
      • Waste disposal
      • Water-related projects
      • Wildlife management
    • Attorneys fees
    • Categorical exemption
      • All Results
      • Categorical exclusions, §1508.4
    • CEQ regulations
      • All Results
      • Categorical exclusions, §1508.4
      • Emergency circumstances, §1506.11
      • Public notice requirements, §1506.6
    • Environmental assessment (EA)
      • All Results
      • Environmental effects
        • All Results
        • Connected actions
        • Cumulative impacts
        • Discussion of, held adequate
        • Discussion of, held inadequate
      • Held not required for
      • Held required for
    • Environmental impact statement (EIS)
      • All Results
      • Environmental effects
        • All Results
        • Cumulative impacts
        • Discussion of, held adequate
        • Discussion of, held inadequate
      • Held not required for
      • Held required for
      • Mitigation
      • Programmatic EIS
        • All Results
        • Held not required
      • Segmentation to avoid EIS requirements
        • All Results
        • Reasonable
      • Supplemental EIS (SEIS)
        • All Results
        • "Changed circumstances/new information" test
        • Alternatives
        • Decision not to prepare
        • Decision to prepare
        • Held adequate
    • Injunctive relief
      • All Results
      • Denied
        • All Results
        • DOE activities
        • Federal Transit Authority (FTA) activities
        • FHwA activities
        • FmHA activities
        • Forest Service activities
        • U.S. Air Force activities
        • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
      • Granted
        • All Results
        • Corps activities
        • DOE activities
        • Forest Service activities
        • USDA activities
      • Vacated
    • International application
    • Negative determination, EIS not required for
  • Natural Resources (generally)
    • All Results
    • Natural Gas Act (NGA)
      • All Results
      • Jurisdiction
      • Permits
      • Preemption
      • Procedure
      • Project design
      • Right-of-way
    • Natural Gas Production Act (NGPA)
• Toxic Substances
  • All Results
  • Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
    • All Results
    • Administrative procedure and judicial review
    • Enforcement
    • Labeling requirements
    • Pesticide registration, §3
    • Reregistration, §4
  • Food
    • All Results
    • Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)
      • All Results
      • Residues of pesticides, §408
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oil Pollution Act (OPA)
    • All Results
    • Definitions, §1001
    • Jurisdiction
    • Liability, §1002
    • Vessels
  • Pesticides
    • All Results
    • Chemicals
    • Local regulation
  • Public Health
  • Right-To-Know
  • Toxic Substances (generally)
    • All Results
    • Asbestos
    • Chlorine
    • Chlorpyrifos
    • Formaldehyde
    • Lead
    • Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE)
    • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
    • Trichlorethylene (TCE)
  • Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
    • All Results
    • Citizen petitions, §21
      • All Results
      • Judicial review
    • Regulation of hazardous chemical substances and mixtures, §6
      • All Results
      • Promulgation of rules, §6(c)
• Waste
  • All Results
  • Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
    • All Results
    • Actions under state law, §309
    • Citizen suits, §310
      • All Results
      • 60-day notice requirement
    • Claims against the Superfund, §112
    • Contribution
      • All Results
      • Allocation
      • Cause of action
      • Claims not barred
      • Contribution protection for settling parties, §113(f)(2)
        • All Results
        • Claims barred
        • Claims not barred
      • Divisibility of harm
      • Held available
      • Held not available
      • Legal standard
      • Procedure
    • Corporations
    • Defenses
      • All Results
      • "Innocent landowner" defense
      • Other
        • All Results
        • Release from liability
    • Financial responsibility, §108
    • Indemnification
      • All Results
      • Contract interpretation
      • Indemnification not upheld
      • Indemnification upheld
    • Judicial review, §113
      • All Results
      • Declaratory judgment, §113(g)(2)
      • Statute of limitations, §113(g)
        • All Results
        • Contribution, §113(g)(3)
        • Response costs, §113(g)(2)
    • Liability, §107
      • All Results
      • Bankruptcy
      • Covered persons, §107(a)
        • All Results
        • Arrangers
        • Conservators, executors, and trustees
        • Dissolved corporations
        • Governments
        • Insurers
        • Lenders
        • Owners and operators
        • Successor corporations
      • Scope of liability
        • All Results
        • Joint and several liability
      • Who may recover
        • All Results
        • Private right of action
        • PRPs may bring suit
    • Natural resource damages
    • Preemption, §114(c)
      • All Results
      • Held preempted
    • Remedies
      • All Results
      • Response costs
        • All Results
        • "Necessary" construed
        • Apportionment
        • Double recovery
        • Future costs
        • Investigative costs
        • Litigation costs
        • Medical costs
    • Response actions, §104
    • Settlements, §122
      • All Results
      • Approved
      • Intervention to oppose consent decree
      • Modification of
      • Release provision
    • Superfund Recycling Equity Act
  • Contaminated Sites/Brownfields
    • All Results
    • Contaminated Sites/Brownfields
  • Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA)
    • All Results
    • Attorneys fees
    • Citizen suits, §326
      • All Results
      • Standing
    • Toxics release inventory, §313
  • Emergency Response
  • Hazardous Substances
    • All Results
    • Common-law liability
    • Disposal site cleanup
      • All Results
      • 71 Forest Avenue site (N.Y.)
      • Allied Paper/Portage Creek/Kalamazoo River Superfund site (Mich.)
      • Armour Road site (Mo.)
      • Barter Machinery/PSCO site (Colo.)
      • Boeing Co. site (Or.)
      • Bridgeport site (N.J.)
      • Brio site (Tex.)
      • Brooklyn Park dump site (Minn.)
      • Bunker Hill site (Idaho)
      • Buzby landfill (N.J.)
      • Caputo/Moreau landfill (N.Y.)
      • Chrystal Oil Refining Corp Shoreline Site (La.)
      • CIW site (Mich.)
      • Colonie site (N.Y.)
      • Damen site (Ill.)
      • Del Amo site (Cal.)
      • DRR site (Del.)
      • EkoTek, Inc. site (Utah)
      • Fisher-Calo site (Ind.)
      • G&H landfill (Mich.)
      • GEMS landfill site (N.J.)
      • Grand Street site (N.J.)
      • Granville Solvents, Inc. site (Ohio)
      • HM Holdings site (Ind.)
      • Humble Office and Industrial Park site (Tex.)
      • Humboldt Yard site (Minn.)
      • Huth Oil site (Ohio)
      • Jaffrey site (N.H.)
      • Kennedy Building site (Minn.)
      • Kerr-McGee site (Ill.)
      • Lowry Bombing Range site (Colo.)
      • Lowry landfill site (Colo.)
      • McColl site (Cal.)
      • McGuire site (Minn.)
      • Metamora landfill site (Mich.)
      • Miami International Airport Marriott site (Fla.)
      • Mid-Atlantic Bottling Plant site (Pa.)
      • MIG/DeWane Superfund site (Ill.)
      • Minker/Stout/Romaine Creek site (Mo.)
      • Montana Pole site (Mont.)
      • Mountain View site (Cal.)
      • Old ATC Refinery site (N.C.)
      • Omaha, Nebraska, site (Neb.)
      • Ott/Story/Cordova site (Mich.)
      • Patz site (Wis.)
      • Penn Mine site (Cal.)
      • Phelps Dodge site (N.Y.)
      • Reeves site (Va.)
      • Rosen site (N.Y.)
      • Sullivan's Ledge Superfund site (Mass.)
      • Tantalo landfill (N.Y.)
      • Times Beach site (Mo.)
      • Tonolli site (Pa.)
      • Tybout's Corner landfill site (Del.)
      • Vega Alta site (P.R.)
      • Wellsville-Andover landfill site (N.Y.)
    • Incineration
    • Transportation
  • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
    • All Results
    • Boilers and industrial furnaces
    • Cause of action
    • Citizen suits, §7002
      • All Results
      • Court of Appeals jurisdiction
      • Imminent and substantial endangerment, §7002(a)(1)(B)
        • All Results
        • Claims allowed
        • Claims barred
      • Notice requirements
        • All Results
        • 60-day notice requirement, §7002(b)(1)
        • 90-day notice of endangerment requirement, §7002(b)(2)(A)
      • Preemption
        • All Results
        • Diligent prosecution
        • State hazardous waste programs
      • Remedies
      • Retroactive application
    • Identification and listing, §3001
      • All Results
      • Delisting hazardous waste
    • Inspections, §3007
    • Judicial review, §7006
      • All Results
      • District court jurisdiction
    • Native American land
    • Permits, §3005
    • Regulations
      • All Results
      • Boilers and industrial furnaces, 40 C.F.R. pt. 266
      • Hazardous mining waste regulations
      • Hazardous waste management
      • Identification and listing of hazardous waste
        • All Results
        • Definition of hazardous waste
        • Definition of solid waste
        • Exemptions
      • Land disposal requirements
      • Notice attachment to shipments
      • Project XL utility accumulation
      • Surface Water Criterion
      • Used oil, 40 C.F.R. pt. 266
    • State programs, §3006
    • Treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facility standards, §3004
      • All Results
      • Burning of hazardous waste for fuel, §3004(q)
      • Munitions, §3004(y)
      • Treatment standards for wastes subject to land disposal ban, §3004(m)
    • Whistleblower provisions
  • Sustainability
  • Underground storage tanks (USTs)
  • Waste (generally)
    • All Results
    • Hazardous
    • Medical
    • Nuclear Waste
      • All Results
      • Facility siting
      • Hanford Nuclear Reservation (Wash.)
      • Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA)
        • All Results
        • High-level radioactive waste
        • Judicial review, §119
        • Nuclear Waste Fund, §302
        • Participation of states, §116
      • Waste disposal
      • Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) (N.M.)
      • Waste management
      • Waste transport
    • Solid
      • All Results
      • Collection and disposal
      • Environmental investment credit
      • Industrial waste landfills
      • Recycling
      • Sanitary landfills
      • The Sherman Act
• Water
  • All Results
  • Aquaculture
  • Clean Water Act (CWA)
    • All Results
    • Citizen suits, §505
      • All Results
      • "In violation of effluent standard or limitation" construed
      • Basis for suit
      • District court jurisdiction
        • All Results
        • Ongoing violations
        • State water quality standards
      • Notice requirements, §505(b)
        • All Results
        • Notice held adequate
        • Notice held inadequate
      • Primary jurisdiction
      • Sovereign immunity
      • Standing
      • Statute of limitations
    • Definitions, §502
      • All Results
      • "Discharge of pollutants" construed
        • All Results
        • Held included
        • Held not included
      • "Navigable waters" construed
      • "Point source" construed
      • "Water" construed
    • Dredge and fill, §404
      • All Results
      • Corps of Engineers implementation of §404
      • Corps of Engineers jurisdiction
        • All Results
        • Held included
        • Wetlands determination
      • Corps of Engineers permits
        • All Results
        • Failure to obtain permit
        • Nationwide permits
        • Permit denial
        • Permit issuance
        • Permit procedures
      • Enforcement
      • EPA guidelines, §404(b)(1)
      • EPA veto, §404(c)
      • Nationwide permit
      • Permit issuance
      • State wetlands programs
    • Effluent limitations, §301
      • All Results
      • Best available technology economically achievable (BAT), §301(b)(2)(A)
      • Illegal discharges, §301(a)
        • All Results
        • Held not included
    • Enforcement
      • All Results
      • Civil penalty provision, §309(d)
      • Consent decrees
      • Criminal penalty provision, §309(c)
        • All Results
        • Discharge without permit
        • Knowing violation, §309(c)(2)
      • Defenses
        • All Results
        • Held included
        • Held not included
      • Evidence
      • Injunctive relief
        • All Results
        • Denied
    • Federalism issues
    • Information and guidelines, §304
    • Judicial review, §509
      • All Results
      • Courts of appeals, actions unreviewable by
      • District court jurisdiction
      • Review of EPA Administrator's action, §509(b)(1)
    • National pollutant discharge elimination system (NPDES) permit program, 402
      • All Results
      • Coverage
      • Permit issuance
      • Regulations
      • State programs, §402(b)
      • Stormwater discharges, 402(p)
        • All Results
        • EPA rules and regulations
        • State water quality standards
      • Violations
    • Navigable Waters
      • All Results
      • Navigability-in-fact
    • New source performance standards (NSPS), §306
    • Nonpoint source discharges
    • Oil and hazardous substance spills, §311
      • All Results
      • Liability
      • Planning and prevention, §311(j)
    • State authority, §510
    • State certification, §401
    • Thermal discharges, §316
    • Water quality standards, §303
      • All Results
      • Federal standards, in place of state, §303(b)
      • Native American tribes
      • Review and revision, §303(c)
      • State standards, §303(a)
      • Total maximum daily loads (TMDLs), §303(d)
  • Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)
    • All Results
    • Consistency, §307
      • All Results
      • Application to OCS lease sales
      • Application to Postal Service project
      • Application to proposed business park
      • Certification requirements
  • Groundwater
    • All Results
    • Contamination
      • All Results
      • Damages
      • Hazardous wastes & substances
      • Mining pollution
  • Navigable waters
  • Oceans
  • Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA)
    • All Results
    • Oil and gas leasing
    • Outer Continental Shelf (OCS)
      • All Results
      • Oil and gas leasing
      • Safety
  • Quality
  • Quantity
  • Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
    • All Results
    • Citizen suits
    • Judicial review
    • National drinking water regulations, §1412
      • All Results
      • Chloroform
      • Lead regulations
      • Microbiological regulations
    • Underground injection control (UIC) program
  • Underground injection
  • Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)
  • Water (generally)
    • All Results
    • Irrigation
    • Nonpoint source pollution
    • Property rights/entitlements
    • Quantity
    • Reclamation Act
    • Rivers and Harbors Act (RHA)
    • Title to riverbeds
    • Water
    • Water allocation under federal law
    • Water allocation under state law
  • Watershed Protection
  • Wetlands
    • All Results
    • Delineation
    • Dredge and fill permits
    • Easements
    • Intrastate, isolated wetlands
      • All Results
      • Not "waters of the United States" within FWPCA jurisdiction
    • Mitigation
    • NEPA compliance
    • Relationship to federal laws
    • Taking of private property
• Wildlife
  • All Results
  • Endangered Species
  • Endangered Species Act (ESA)
    • All Results
    • Constitutionality
    • Critical habitat designation
    • Determination of endangered and threatened species, §4
      • All Results
      • Candidate species
      • Critical habitat designation, §4(a)(3)
      • Endangered species listing
      • Findings on petitions to list, §4(b)(3)
      • Five-year review, §4(c)(2)
      • Listing policy
      • Protective regulations, §4(d)
      • Recovery plans, §4(f)
      • Threatened species listing
    • Experimental populations, §10(j)
    • Federal actions, §7
      • All Results
      • Best scientific data, §7(a)(2)
      • Biological assessment, §7(c)
      • Biological opinion, §7(b)
      • Interagency consultation, §7(a)
        • All Results
        • "Agency action" construed
        • Bonneville Power Administration (BPA)
        • Bureau of Reclamation
        • Corps
        • Forest Service
        • FWS
        • NMFS
      • Jeopardize species/habitat, §7(a)(2)
      • Judicial review
      • Limitation on commitment of resources, §7(d)
    • Habitat Conservation Plans
    • Incidental taking
    • Jeopardize species/habitat
    • Prohibited acts, §9
      • All Results
      • "Take," §9(a)(1)(B)
        • All Results
        • "Take" construed
      • Illegal import and export, §9(a)(1)(A)
    • Wildlife
  • Fisheries
    • All Results
    • Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act)
      • All Results
      • Implementation of fishery management plans (FMPs), §305
        • All Results
        • Catch quotas
        • Development of FMPs
        • Essential fish habitat
      • Limited entry programs
      • Native American Fishing rights
  • Forests
  • Invasive Species
  • Sustainability
  • Wetlands
  • Wildlife (generally)
    • All Results
    • Anadromous fish
    • Atlantic shark
    • Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA)
      • All Results
      • Exemption
      • Taking, possessing, or offering to sell bald or golden eagle parts, 16 U.S.C. §688
    • Bears
    • Bison
    • Bull trout
    • Butterflies
    • California sea lion
    • California spotted owl
    • Canada lynx
    • Cape Sable seaside sparrow
    • Cave beetle
    • Coho salmon
    • Columbian sharp-tail grouse
    • Coyote
    • Delhi Sands Flower-loving Fly
    • Dolphin
    • Exotic birds
    • Fairy shrimp
    • Flat-tail horned lizard
    • Gray wolf
    • Invasive species
    • Jaguar
    • Lacey Act
      • All Results
      • Judicial review
    • Lynx
    • Marbled murrelet
    • Marine Mammal Protection Act
      • All Results
      • Pinnipeds, §210
      • Regulations on takings, §103
    • Marine mammals
    • Mexican spotted owl
    • Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)
      • All Results
      • Constitutionality
      • Listing of protected migratory birds
      • Preemption
      • Violations and penalties, 16 U.S.C. §707
    • Mollusks
    • Monk seals
    • Northern goshawk
    • Northern spotted owl
    • Polar bear
    • Red-cockaded woodpecker
    • Sea turtles
    • Sharks
    • Silvery minnow
    • Sonoran pronghorn
    • Southwestern willow flycatcher
    • Steelhead
    • Steller sea lions
    • Swans
    • Virgin Islands tree boa
    • Westlope cutthroat trout
    • Whales
    • Whooping cranes
    • Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act
    • Wild horses and burros
    • Wolves