This Article addresses the pressing need for six “green states”—New York, Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, Montana, and Pennsylvania—to adopt quasi-judicial mechanisms for enforcement of their constitutional right to environment. It analyzes the challenges and limitations of traditional litigation in enforcing this right, and compares the special master system in the United States with environmental judicial commissions in Pakistan.

State and local environmental agencies regularly make decisions that have repercussions for tribes, including for their health and ability to maintain and continue to evolve traditional practices, language, and cultural identity. Meaningful consultation has become central to tribal sovereignty as tribes advocate for legislation that requires consultation on decisions impacting their lands, economy, and culture.