State and local environmental agencies regularly make decisions that have repercussions for tribes, including for their health and ability to maintain and continue to evolve traditional practices, language, and cultural identity. Meaningful consultation has become central to tribal sovereignty as tribes advocate for legislation that requires consultation on decisions impacting their lands, economy, and culture. A two-year project from the Environmental Law Institute (ELI) and its partners examined the status of consultation in California and how it may promote tribal sovereignty and ensure relevant outcomes. On September 19, 2024, ELI hosted a panel of experts to discuss the challenges and best practices in implementing tribal consultation at the state and local level. This Dialogue presents a transcript of that discussion, which has been edited for style, clarity, and space considerations.