This Article develops a new normative account of the function of financial assurance requirements (FARs) for end-of-life obligations in the energy sector. These obligations cover restoration of the site to its original condition or to a level that could accommodate another productive use once the energy project ends. FARs necessitate that operators evidence ability to pay for this.

It is now scientifically proven that climate change is causing disruptions to the world at large. These slow-motion consequences threaten most coastal areas around the world, especially the Pacific Island nations.  Scientists predict that climate change will cause the forced displacement of people; desertification; protracted destructive wildfires; sea-level rise; ocean acidification; extreme weather events; and severe drought, which then impacts the supply of food.