The First Circuit held that U.S. Department of Agriculture regulations that permit synthetic substances to be used in processing organic foods are contrary to the plain language of the Organic Foods Production Act. Similarly, provisions creating an exception to the Act's 12-month requirement for dai...

A California appellate court held that for determining just compensation in a "quick" take eminent domain action, the date of valuation should be the date a deposit of probable compensation was made rather than the date of trial on the issue of just compensation. Under California law, the date of va...

The Ninth Circuit held that California's air pollution control districts are not arms of the state and therefore are not entitled to sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment. To determine whether an entity is an arm of the state, the Ninth Circuit uses a five-point test that looks at whether ...

The Federal Circuit reversed a lower court decision that the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) produced a physical taking of a company's mineral rights. In 1937, the company sold the surface rights of land in the Daniel Boone National Forest to the United States but it retained the ...

A district court granted the state of Washington's motion for partial summary judgment on its claim that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) violated the Washington State Hazardous Waste Management Act (HWMA) when it decided to ship radioactive and hazardous mixed transuranic waste to the Hanford Nu...

The Tenth Circuit dismissed intervenors' appeal of a district court order approving a settlement in a suit originally filed to halt a wilderness inventory to assess whether several million acres in Utah meet criteria for wilderness eligibility. On April 14, 2003, the district court granted the plain...

The First Circuit upheld the Secretary of the Interior's decision to take into trust a 31-acre parcel of land located in Charleston, Rhode Island, for the benefit of the Narragansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island. The Indian Reorganization Act authorized the Secretary to acquire the land in trust for...

The Sixth Circuit upheld the Surface Transportation Board's grant of a railroad company's request to operate an intermodal transportation facility on city property. Local governments argued that the company's proposal was a sham designed to prevent the surrounding cities from taking the property by ...

The D.C. Circuit held that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) properly modified the terms, set forth in earlier settlements, under which three natural gas shippers must ship gas over the lines of the El Paso Natural Gas Company. FERC did not err by converting the shippers' contracts fro...

The First Circuit dismissed a Native American tribe's suit to recover 34 square miles of land in Rhode Island they claim was wrongfully taken from their ancestors. The claim is barred by the Rhode Island Indian Claims Settlement Act. And although the United States does have a trust relationship with...