Protecting American Energy From State Overreach

E.O. 14260
April 2025
90 Fed. Reg. 15513 (Apr. 14, 2025)

Protecting American Energy From State Overreach

               By the authority vested in me as President by the 
               Constitution and the laws of the United States of 
               America, it is hereby ordered:

               Section 1. Purpose. My Administration is committed to 
               unleashing American energy, especially through the 
               removal of all illegitimate impediments to the 
               identification, development, siting, production, 
               investment in, or use of domestic energy resources--
               particularly oil, natural gas, coal, hydropower, 
               geothermal, biofuel, critical mineral, and nuclear 
               energy resources. An affordable and reliable domestic 
               energy supply is essential to the national and economic 
               security of the United States, as well as our foreign 
               policy. Simply put, Americans are better off when the 
               United States is energy dominant.

               American energy dominance is threatened when State and 
               local governments seek to regulate energy beyond their 
               constitutional or statutory authorities. For example, 
               when States target or discriminate against out-of-State 
               energy producers by imposing significant barriers to 
               interstate and international trade, American energy 
               suffers, and the equality of each State enshrined by 
               the Constitution is undermined. Similarly, when States 
               subject energy producers to arbitrary or excessive 
               fines through retroactive penalties or seek to control 
               energy development, siting, or production activities on 
               Federal land, American energy suffers.

               Many States have enacted, or are in the process of 
               enacting, burdensome and ideologically motivated 
               ``climate change'' or energy policies that threaten 
               American energy dominance and our economic and national 
               security. New York, for example, enacted a ``climate 
               change'' extortion law that seeks to retroactively 
               impose billions in fines (erroneously labelled 
               ``compensatory payments'') on traditional energy 
               producers for their purported past contributions to 
               greenhouse gas emissions not only in New York but also 
               anywhere in the United States and the world. Vermont 
               similarly extorts energy producers for alleged past 
               contributions to greenhouse gas emissions anywhere in 
               the United States or the globe.

               Other States have taken different approaches in an 
               effort to dictate national energy policy. California, 
               for example, punishes carbon use by adopting impossible 
               caps on the amount of carbon businesses may use, all 
               but forcing businesses to pay large sums to ``trade'' 
               carbon credits to meet California's radical 
               requirements. Some States delay review of permit 
               applications to produce energy, creating de facto 
               barriers to entry in the energy market. States have 
               also sued energy companies for supposed ``climate 
               change'' harm under nuisance or other tort regimes that 
               could result in crippling damages.

               These State laws and policies weaken our national 
               security and devastate Americans by driving up energy 
               costs for families coast-to-coast, despite some of 
               these families not living or voting in States with 
               these crippling policies. These laws and policies also 
               undermine Federalism by projecting the regulatory 
               preferences of a few States into all States. Americans 
               must be permitted to heat their homes, fuel their cars, 
               and have peace of mind--free from policies that make 
               energy more expensive and inevitably degrade quality of 
               life.

               These State laws and policies try to dictate interstate 
               and international disputes over air, water, and natural 
               resources; unduly discriminate against
               out-of-State businesses; contravene the equality of 
               States; and retroactively impose arbitrary and 
               excessive fines without legitimate justification.

               These State laws and policies are fundamentally 
               irreconcilable with my Administration's objective to 
               unleash American energy. They should not stand.

               Sec. 2. State Laws and Causes of Action. (a) The 
               Attorney General, in consultation with the heads of 
               appropriate executive departments and agencies, shall 
               identify all State and local laws, regulations, causes 
               of action, policies, and practices (collectively, State 
               laws) burdening the identification, development, 
               siting, production, or use of domestic energy resources 
               that are or may be unconstitutional, preempted by 
               Federal law, or otherwise unenforceable. The Attorney 
               General shall prioritize the identification of any such 
               State laws purporting to address ``climate change'' or 
               involving ``environmental, social, and governance'' 
               initiatives, ``environmental justice,'' carbon or 
               ``greenhouse gas'' emissions, and funds to collect 
               carbon penalties or carbon taxes.

                   (b) The Attorney General shall expeditiously take 
               all appropriate action to stop the enforcement of State 
               laws and continuation of civil actions identified in 
               subsection (a) of this section that the Attorney 
               General determines to be illegal.
                   (c) Within 60 days of the date of this order, the 
               Attorney General shall submit a report to the 
               President, through the Counsel to the President, 
               regarding actions taken under subsection (b) of this 
               section. The Attorney General shall also recommend any 
               additional Presidential or legislative action necessary 
               to stop the enforcement of State laws identified in 
               subsection (a) of this section that the Attorney 
               General determines to be illegal or otherwise fulfill 
               the purpose of this order.

               Sec. 3. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order 
               shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the 
head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

                   (b) This order shall be implemented consistent with 
               applicable law and subject to the availability of 
               appropriations.
                   (c) This order is not intended to, and does not, 
               create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, 
               enforceable at law or in equity by any party against 
               the United States, its departments, agencies, or 
               entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any 
               other person.
               
                DONALD J. TRUMP

               THE WHITE HOUSE,

                   April 8, 2025.