The statute establishes the Coastal Barrier Resources System, consisting of specifically identified undeveloped coastal barriers on the coasts of the United States. [16 U.S.C. §3503]

Coastal barriers are bay barriers, barrier islands, and other geological features that protect landward aquatic habitats from direct wind and waves. [16 U.S.C. §3502]

In general, no new federal expenditures or financial assistance will be available for development activities within the Coastal Barrier Resources System. [16 U.S.C. §3504] The statute, however, identifies exceptions to this prohibition, including necessary oil and gas exploration and development; the maintenance of channel improvements, jetties, and roads; essential military activities; the construction and maintenance of U.S. Coast Guard facilities; the establishment and maintenance of air and water navigational devices; scientific studies; and non-structural shoreline stabilization similar to natural stabilization systems. [16 U.S.C. §3505]