Editors' Summary: It may seem an unlikely place to look for environmental law, but the Food Security Act of 1985 includes several important additions to this field. The "swampbuster" provisions of the Act deprive farmers who fill wetlands to expand their acreage under cultivation of federal price supports for all their crops on all their lands. The author points out that prior to the recent legislation, federal agricultural policies had worked against federal wetland protection policies. He reviews the new swampbuster provisions and concludes that they could be an effective deterrent to the conversion of wetland to farmland while federal agricultural subsidies continue, but only if the provisions are vigorously implemented and enforced.