Editors' Summary: Until recently, the regulation of chemical carcinogens and the regulation of radiological carcinogens developed independently. Different governmental agencies operating under different statutory directives were responsible for addressing the dangers from these carcinogens. As a result, different policies and practices were developed. This Article explores these differences and the record on resolving them. It first examines the history of federal regulation of chemical and radiological carcinogens and summarizes EPA's approach to risk assessments for them. It then analyzes the traditional risk management approach for radiation, as exemplified by the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and compares this approach to the approaches EPA has taken. Finally, the Article compares the results obtained under these approaches. It concludes that EPA's radiation standards, which in many cases were derived under policies applicable to chemical carcinogens, are, for the most part, consistent with the ICRP's recommendations.