Editors' Summary: Many parties and factors are participating in shaping the future of wetland loss mitigation. Considerations of the status and viability of the "no net loss" wetlands policy are urgent in light of increasing population and urban development. In this Article, Holly Campbell examines U.S. wetlands law and policy, particularly the role of mitigation. She begins the Article with some background information on wetlands compensatory mitigation and where it fits within the law. She describes the 2001 National Research Council findings and recommendations regarding wetlands mitigation, and concludes with her observations and predictions for the long-term future of wetlands, mitigation, and what may be necessary to achieve a net gain in wetland functions across the United States.