The rise of high-volume hydraulic fracturing has been accompanied by a suite of environmental and social concerns, including potential water and air contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, health effects, and community disruptions. Concerned over these negative environmental impacts, individuals and communities have turned to the law to restrict oil and natural gas production. This Comment proposes a novel tool, the mineral estate conservation easement, to provide landowners with the ability to restrict hydraulic fracturing and other oil and gas subsurface activities in areas of social or ecological vulnerability in perpetuity.