Editor's Summary: The genetically modified organism (GMO) safety regime in China is steadily evolving, with national, regional, and local government departments vying for regulatory power. The process is leading toward a reallocation of responsibilities among governmental departments overseeing science and technology, agriculture, public health, and environmental protection. The results of this power struggle inside the government will exert direct influence on the progress of legislating and implementing GMO safety. In this Article, Dr. Wang Mingyuan explores the historical evolution and system framework of the existing legislation on the safety of GMOs in China, the basic policies on GMO safety administration, and the problems and challenges China faces in refining its GMO policies. He argues that while the legal structure and administrative system relating to the safety of GMOs in China are beginning to solidify, they have lagged dangerously behind the development of biological technology and industry. He advocates a speedy resolution to the current power play within the government, and comprehensive solutions to the problems still evident in China's GMO safety regime.