The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has had extensive experience in the use of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process to support its long-term planning. This is demonstrated by the fact that DOE has prepared more than 50 programmatic environmental impact statements (PEISs) covering major activities, such as the management of the nuclear weapons complex, the demonstration of new clean coal technologies, DOEwide radioactive waste treatment, storage and disposal plans, and the continued operation of large, multipurpose DOE sites.