President Barack Obama has directed EPA “to use your authority under §§111(b) and 111(d) of the Clean Air Act to issue standards, regulations, or guidelines, as appropriate, that address carbon pollution from modified, reconstructed, and existing power plants and build on State efforts to move toward a cleaner power sector.” EPA is to propose standards no later than June 1, 2014, finalize them within a year, and have approved state or federal plans in place by the end of President Obama’s term. On September 17, 2013, ELI brought together top domestic experts to discuss various options for using the CAA to achieve the president’s orders.