Editors' Summary: The United States and other industrialized nations export a significant amount of their hazardous wastes abroad for disposal. Exporters often send their waste to countries where environmental regulation is less stringent than in the generating country in order to avoid the high cost of compliance with domestic disposal requirements. Although the United States and the European Community have established limited controls on waste exportation, these regulations do not ensure that waste shipped abroad is transported or disposed of in an environmentally sound manner. The author describes the regulatory regimes of the United States and the European Community, and analyzes recent efforts to create international agreements to impose greater controls on transboundary shipments of hazardous waste. In addition, the author examines legislative initiatives put forward in the United States Congress to address the problem. The author concludes that unless waste exports from the United States are prohibited, unsafe disposal abroad will likely continue, and efforts to encourage the minimization of hazardous waste at the source will be thwarted.