The United States’ federal environmental laws and many international treaties protecting the environment apply to the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), both within the United States and at permanent overseas military installations. However, there are very few constraints on DOD actions in war zones and contingency areas, which leads to environmental harm. This Article surveys the legal landscape governing these situations, and concludes that the United States should enact and implement a federal law requiring post-conflict restoration and remediation when it terminates contingency missions.