Editors' Summary: The 1996 Sustainable Fisheries Act is arguably the most significant federal environmental legislation enacted in the last two decades. The Act applies sustainability principles and approaches such as biodiversity protection, externality internalization, and precaution to advance fisheries sustainability within the U.S. EEZ. In this Article, Prof. Richard Hildreth details the U.S. attempt at moving toward more sustainable fisheries management. He outlines the global legal framework governing ocean resources, and then focuses on the multilateral and bilateral fisheries agreements to which the United States is a party. Finally, he describes how the SFA incorporates the sustainability principles embodied in these international agreements.