|
6 ELR 20588 | Environmental Law Reporter | copyright © 1976 | All rights reserved Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. Train; Environmental Defense Fund v. Train; Citizens for a Better Environment v. Train; Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. V. v. AgeeCiv. A. No. 2153-73; Civ. A. No. 75-172; Civ. A. No. 75-1698; Civ. A. No. 75-1267 (D.D.C. June 9, 1976)The court approves a settlement agreement in four consolidated cases challenging regulation of toxic water pollutants by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Civil Action No. 2153-73 sought to compel EPA to expand the list of toxic pollutants promulgated under § 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA); Nos. 75-172 and 75-1698 would require EPA to promulgate regulations for the toxic pollutants already listed under § 307; No. 75-1267 sought to force EPA to promulgate final pretreatment standards for introduction of toxic pollutants into publicly-owned sewage treatment plants. The agreement has been modified to the court's satisfaction so as to reduce the continuing judicial supervisory role to a manageable level. The court rejects as baseless the fear expressed by intervenors that they will not be able to challenge, under §§ 301, 304, 306 and 307 of the FWPCA, regulations to be promulgated pursuant to the agreement Judicial approval of the settlement agreement, possible solely because of the breadth of EPA's discretion under these sections, creates no precedent as to the legality of specific regulations which may be forthcoming. Nor will intervenors be foreclosed from participating in EPA's decisions as to which pollutants and industries will be regulated, for the agreement binds EPA only to initiate rulemaking proceedings respecting the substances and industries in the appendices. Finally, the settlement is not invalid as beyond the scope of the controversy framed by the complaints in these cases. The settlement agreement contemplates a staged abatement program by EPA, designed to bring 65 listed toxic chemicals and categories of chemicals discharged by 21 specific industrial categories under full control by 1983. To this end, EPA agrees by July 1976 to initiate a three-year, $20 million program of contract studies of the listed pollutants' ecological and health effects, of the present and developing state of control technology for the specified industries, and of the economic impact on the industries of using the best available technology to control their pollutant discharges. By mid-1977, EPA bill begin preparing effluent limitations and performance standards for the pollutants studied. By the beginning of 1978, it will publish the first of these as proposed limitations and standards. By mid-1978, EPA must begin promulgating final limitations and standards, and this process must be finished by the end of 1979. Also by mid-1978, the Agency must publish water quality criteria (specifications of maximum concentrations of pollutants in waterways) that reflect the latest scientific data on the health and ecological effects of the listed pollutants. If necessary, the effluent limitations and performance standards will be modified to meet these criteria. The agreement also binds EPA to set pretreatment standards for industries that discharge wastes into publicly-owned sewage systems, to issue stringent effluent limitations for new industrial plants, and to regulate six specific highly toxic chemicals under § 307(a) of the FWPCA. Counsel for Plaintiffs Dr. Robert Harris David D. Comey, Director of Environmental Research Louis R. Proyect Sherwood L. Levin Counsel for Defendants Thomas A. Pursely, III Counsel for Intervening Defendant National Coal Association Flannery, J.: WHEREAS, the plaintiffs and the federal defendants to the above-captioned cases have agreed to the attached Settlement Agreement which they consider a fair and adequate resolution of the issues involved in each of the above-captioned cases; and WHEREAS, this court finds and determines that the attached Settlement Agreement represents a just, fair, and equitable resolution of the issues raised in the above-captioned cases; and WHEREAS, the attached Settlement Agreement is made a part of this Decree and incorporated herein by reference; and WHEREAS, the courttakes cognizance that the intervening defendants do not waive any right to pursue in litigation any position inconsistent with this Decree or to challenge on any grounds regulations promulgated pursuant to this Decree; and WHEREAS, the court by this Decree expresses no opinion as to whether the actions to be taken by the federal defendants pursuant to this Decree will or will not conform to the statutes and laws of the United States; NOW THEREFORE, it is ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that: (1) The four above-captioned cases shall be consolidated; (2) The attached Settlement Agreement is approved; (3) Compliance with its terms and provisions is directed; and (4) Jurisdiction is retained to effectuate compliance with its terms and conditions. The court is today filing an order implementing a settlement agreement between the plaintiffs and defendants in the four above-captioned cases. Several parties permitted to intervene in one of the cases vehemently oppose the settlement, as do numerous other parties who, pursuant to invitation by the court, filed memoranda expressing their views.1 One intervenor, the National Coal Association, supports the settlement agreement. The court finds that the objections to the settlement raised by the intervenors either misconstrue the nature of the action taken by the court today or misinterpret the applicable law. The four cases brought to a conclusion by the settlement agreement all concern the regulation of toxic discharges into American waterways. Civil Action No. 2153-73 seeks an order requiring the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to expand the list of toxic pollutants promulgated pursuant to § 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA), 33 U.S.C. § 1317 (Supp. IV, 1974). Civil Action Nos. 75-172 and 75-1698 seek an order requiring the EPA to promulgate regulations for the toxic pollutants already listed pursuant to § 307. Civil Action No. 75-1267 seeks an order requiring the EPA to promulgate final pretreatment standards pursuant to § 307. The plaintiffs and defendants in all four cases have submitted to the court a proposed settlement agreement obligating the EPA to promulgate a series of regulations under §§ 301, 304, and 306 of the Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1311, 1313, 1316 (Supp. IV, 1974), in addition to § 307. In explaining the proposed settlement to the court, counsel for the EPA stated that §§ 301, 304 and 306 were considered superior to § 307 because they allow regulated parties three years to comply with pollution standards rather than one year, because they allow industry-wide regulation rather than pollutant-by-pollutant regulation, thereby enabling regulated parties to predict the entire cost of pollution control, and because they allow consideration of cost and technology in determining the level of regulation. See Hearing of March 31, 1976, Tr. at 8-9. Intervenors, who will almost certainly be affected by regulations promulgated pursuant to the settlement agreement, immediately opposed entry of a decree adopting the settlement. By order of April 5, 1976, the court permitted the intervenors and any other interested persons to file comments on the proposed settlement. Approximately 20 memoranda were filed in opposition to the agreement. Several of the parties submitting comments on the settlement also filed motions for intervention, but these were denied by the court in an order of April 29, 1976. Following consideration of the proposed agreement and the comments, the court found certain modifications to be necessary. Of special concern was the degree to which the agreement required the court to become involved in the affairs of the EPA. As recently modified by the parties, the agreement is now subject to an interpretation which results in an acceptable role for the court. Specifically, the court will not review substantive judgments made by the Administrator of the EPA as the original agreement appeared to require, but will merely ensure good faith compliance with the provisions of the agreement.2 It is possible that even this limited role will require a substantial investment of judicial resources. The key difference between the modified agreement and the original, however, is that this is a proper burden for the court to bear. Courts regularly perform this type of enforcement function. See, e.g., NRDC, Inc. v. Morton, 388 F. Supp. 829 [5 ELR 20327] (D.D.C. 1974), aff'd 527 F.2d 1386 (D.C. Cir. 1976); NRDC, Inc. v. Train, Civil Action No. 1609-73 [4 ELR 20108] (D.D.C.); EDF v. Fri, Civil Action No. 849-73 (D.D.C.). Indeed had the four cases continued to judgment and plaintiffs prevailed, the court would have assumed an enforcement role quite similar to that imposed by the settlement agreement. Intervenors raise several objections to the agreement. First, they fear that they will not be able to challenge either the content or general legality of regulations issued in accordance with the agreement. It is fairly clear that this fear is groundless. The court certainly cannot be approving the content of regulations which do not yet exist. The intervenors will have opportunity to influence the content of regulations by participating in the rulemaking proceedings the EPA must conduct before promulgation and will have opportunity to attact the final regulations in the court of appeals. The intervenors will also be able to question the general legality of the regulations. It is possible that the regulation of pollutants according to their toxicity is limited to § 307 as intervenors content, but the court need not resolve this issue in order to approve the agreement. Indeed, the court could not resolve the issue at this time because, until regulations are promulgated, there is not a concrete controversy. The Act, on its face, grants the EPA such broad regulatory powers under §§ 301, 304, and 306, that thecourt can approve the general plan outlined in the agreement. As noted in the memorandum accompanying the order denying intervention, approval of the agreement creates no precedent on the legality of the specific regulations which may emerge. Order of April 28, 1976, accompanying memorandum at 4-5; see SEC v. Canadian Javelin Ltd., 64 F.R.D. 648, 650 (S.D.N.Y. 1974); United States v. Carter Products, Inc., 211 F. Supp. 144, 148 (S.D.N.Y. 1962). The second claim of the intervenors is that the agreement must be considered rulemaking to the extent it decides which pollutants and which industries are to be regulated. Intervenors are correct in asserting that the rulemaking process consists of two phases, pollutant selection and impact evaluation, but are incorrect in asserting that the settlement agreement forecloses their participation in the first plase. The agreement merely requires the EPA to initiate rulemaking proceedings for the pollutants and industries listed in the appendices. One function of these proceedings will be to determine the necessity of promulgating regulations for the pollutant or point source in question, and paragraph eight of the settlement agreement expressly provides that the EPA may delete pollutants or point sources when, in its discretion, regulation would not be necessary.3 The intervenors finally contend that there is no jurisdiction for entering a decree implementing the proposed settlement because it extends beyond the case or controversy created by the complaints filed in the four cases. This position does not withstand careful analysis. First, these actions were not merely "section 307 suits," but suits designed to force the regulation of toxic pollutants. There is no doubt that the decree deals with this subject. Second, defendants opposed the complaints by arguing that the EPA could regulate toxics under § 304 rather than § 307. Thus, the agreement represents a compromise by the plaintiffs, insofar as they accept this defense. The agreement similarly represents a compromise by defendants, who bind themselves to a mandatory schedule of regulation, even though they originally took the position that all regulation was discretionary. This is a classic settlement and it is consistent with Congress' intent that water pollution be curbed by 1983. See Federal Water Pollution Control Act, § 101, 33 U.S.C. § 1251 (Supp. IV 1974). Third, the decree does not abandon § 307, but provides for regulation under several sections, including § 307. An appropriate order accompanies this memorandum. In addition to implementing the settlement agreement, the order consolidates the four cases. WHEREAS, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (hereinafter the "Agency"), defendant in the above-captioned law suits, is empowered under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, Pub. L. 92-500, 86 Stat. 816, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251 et seq., (hereinafter "the Act"), to develop and promulgate regulations establishing effluent limitations and guidelines [6 ELR 20590] and new source performance standards based upon considerations of technology and other factors enumerated in the Act, and specifically in §§ 301, 304(b), and 306, for the purpose of controlling the discharge of pollutants from point sources into the navigable waters of the United States; and WHEREAS, defendant has promulgated a substantial number of regulations pursuant to the aforesaid authority applicable to specified industrial categories and subcategories of point source discharges, and additional such regulations are expected to be promulgated in the future; and WHEREAS, all such effluent limitations which are designed to require application of "the best available technology economically achievable" under § 301(b)(2) are required to be reviewed by defendant "at least every five years and, if appropriate, revised" pursuant to § 301(d) of the Act; and, WHEREAS, pursuant to § 307(a) of the Act, defendant is required to publish a list of toxic pollutants and thereafter to propose and promulgate effluent standards for such toxic pollutants which shall take into account "the toxicity of the pollutant, its persistence, degradability, the usual or potential presence of the affected organisms in any waters, the importance of the affected organisms and the nature and extent of the effect of the toxic pollutant on such organisms," and which shall provide "an ample margin of safety;" and WHEREAS, pursuant to § 307(b) of the Act, defendant is required to establish "pretreatment standards for introduction of pollutants into treatment works (as defined in § 212 of the Act) which are publicly owned for those pollutants which are determined not to be susceptible to treatment by such treatment works or which would interfere with the operation of such treatment works;" and WHEREAS, on September 7, 1973, defendant promulgated a list of nine toxic pollutants (namely aldrin/dieldrin, benzidine, cadmium, cyanide, DDT (DDE, DDD), endrin, polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury and toxaphene) and on December 27, 1973, proposed standards for said pollutants; and WHEREAS, hearings were held on said proposed standards during April and May, 1974, but final toxic pollutant effluent standards have never been promulgated due to the Agency's belief that the record developed at the hearings would not support final standards; and WHEREAS, plaintiff in Civil Action No. 2153-73 seek an order of this court directing defendant to add certain substances to the list of toxic pollutants published by the Agency on September 7, 1973 under § 307(a) and to amend his selection criteria for such substances, which action was dismissed by this court on May 23, 1974, Natural Resources Defense Council v. Train, 6 ERC 1702 (D.D.C. 1974), and which case was remanded by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit to this court on September 15, 1975, 519 F.2d 287 [5 ELR 20578] (D.C. Cir. 1975) with instructions that the court consider the entire administrative record and reconsider its decision; and WHEREAS, plaintiffs in Civil Action No. 75-0172 and 75-1698 in their respective complaints seek orders declaring that defendant has a statutory duty to promulgate final toxic pollutant effluent standards for the nine substances on the list promulgated by him on September 7, 1973, and directing defendant to promulgate such standards; and defendant in Civil Action No. 75-0172 has filed an answer therein admitting certain allegations and denying others; and WHEREAS, plaintiff in Civil Action No. 75-1267 seeks an order declaring that defendants have a duty to establish pretreatment standards under § 307(b) of the Act and directing defendants to promulgate the pretreatment standards required by the Act and as described in said complaint; and WHEREAS, the parties to this Agreement believe the agreement as hereinafter set forth constitutes an appropriate resolution of the issues raised by the above-captioned complaints; NOW THEREFORE, it is hereby Stipulated and Agreed as follows: 1. In accordance with the schedule set out in paragraph 7 below, and as further specified in paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 below, the Administrator shall develop and promulgate regulations which shall establish and require achievement at the earliest possible time, but in no case later than June 30, 1983, of effluent limitations and guidelines for classes and categories of point sources which shall require application of the best available technology economically achievable for such category or class, which will result in reasonable further progress toward the national goal of eliminating the discharges of all pollutants, including toxic pollutants. These regulations shall establish limitations and guidelines which meet or incorporate the following criteria: (a) such regulations shall require the elimination of discharges of all pollutants if the Administrator finds, on the basis of information available to him (including information developed pursuant to this Agreement and to §§ 308 and 315 of the Act), that such elimination is technologically and economically achievable for a category or class of point sources; (b) in establishing such effluent limitations and guidelines, the regulations shall identify, in terms of amounts of constituents and chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of pollutants, the degree of effluent reduction attainable through the application of the best control measures and practices achievable including treatment techniques, process and procedure innovations, operating methods, and other alternatives for each class or category of point sources; and (c) in establishing such effluent limitations and guidelines, the Administrator shall take into account the age of equipment and facilities involved, the process employed, the engineering aspects of the application of various types of control techniques, process changes, the cost of achieving such effluent reduction, non-water quality environmental impact (including energy requirements), and such other factors as the Administrator deems appropriate. 2. In accordance with the schedule set out in paragraph 7 below, and as further specified in paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 below, the Administrator shall develop and promulgate regulations which shall establish national standards of performance for classes and categories of new point sources which standards shall reflect for each class or category the greatest degree of effluent reduction which the Administrator determines to be achievable through application of the best available demonstrated control technology, processes, operating methods, or other alternatives, including, where practicable, a standard permitting no discharge of pollutants. Such standards shall be developed and applied in the manner specified in § 306 of the Act. 3. In accordance with the schedules set out in paragraphs 7 and 13 below, and as further specified in paragraphs 4, 5, 6 and 13 below, the Administrator shall develop and promulgate regulations which shall establish pretreatment standards for introduction of pollutants into treatment works (as defined in § 212 of the Act) which are publicly owned for those pollutants which are determined not to be susceptible to treatment by such treatment works or which interfere with, pass through, or are otherwise incompatible with such works. Such standards shall be developed and applied in the manner specified in § 307(b) and (c). 4. (a) Except as provided in paragraph 8 below, for each class or category of point sources for which effluent limitations and guidelines and new source standards of performance are developed pursuant to this Agreement, such regulations shall establish effluent limitations and guidelines and new source standards of performance expressly applicable to each of the pollutants listed in Appendix A to this Agreement. Except as provided in paragraph 8 below, for each class or category of point sources1 for which pretreatment standards are developed pursuant to this Agreement, such regulations shall establish pretreatment standards expressly applicable (i) to each of those pollutants listed in Appendix A to this Agreement which pollutants are introduced into treatment works (as defined in § 212 of the Act) which are publicly owned from point sources within such class or category and which pollutants are not susceptible to treatment by such treatment works or which interfere with, pass through, or are otherwise incompatible with such works and (ii) to such other pollutants which are introduced into such treatment works and which are not susceptible to treatment by such treatment works or which interfere with, pass through, or are otherwise incompatible with such works. (b) In addition to those pollutants to which regulations must be established pursuant to subsection (a) of this paragraph 4, the Administrator shall also identify the categories or category of point sources which are discharging into navigable waters or introducing into treatment works (as defined in § 212 of th Act) which are publicly owned the pollutants listed in Appendix C to this Agreement. C. The Point Source Categories 5. The Regulations developed pursuant to this Agreement shall establish effluent limitations and guidelines, new source standards of performance, and, except as provided in paragraph 8 below, pretreatment standards, for each of the classes or categories (herein referred to as "categories" of "category") of point sources listed in Appendix B to this Agreement. The scope of point source coverage of each listed category is determined by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code number or numbers which are set forth in Appendix B for each listed industrial category. 6. (a) The effluent limitations and guidelines, and standards of performance and, except as provided in subparagraph (b) below, pretreatment standards promulgated for each of the point source categories listed in Appendix B shall cover at least 95 percent of the point sources which are within that category. (b) The pretreatment standards which shall be developed and promulgated pursuant to the schedule set out in paragraph 13 of this Agreement shall, for each of the point source categories listed in subparagraph 13(b), cover (i) at least 95 percent of the point sources, as defined in subparagraph (a) above, which are within that category, or (ii) at least 95 percent of the amount of those pollutants introduced into treatment works (as defined in § 212 of the Act) which are publicly owned by the point sources which comprise each such point source category and which pollutants are not susceptible to treatment by such treatment works or which interfere with, pass through, or are otherwise incompatible with such treatment works. E. Regulation Development Schedule 7. (a) In developing the data necessary to issue the regulations described above for each of the point source categories listed in Appendix B, the Administrator shall engage the services of such contractors as he deems appropriate to gather and assemble information relating to technology, ecological and public health effects, and economic impact, according to the following time table. Contracts comprehensively covering all matters to be studied shall be executed for three categories not later than June 30, 1976; for another two categories not later than September 30, 1976; for another five categories not later than December 31, 1976; for another six categories not later than June 30, 1977; and for the remaining five categories not later than October 31, 1977. For purposes of compliance with the foregoing the Administrator shall be deemed in compliance with the June 30, 1976, deadline if with respect to the contracts required to be executed by said date he has issued Requests For Proposal which result in the execution of contracts within 60 days following such date. Contractors shall be required to the maximum feasible extent to complete their performance within 12 months or less from the date of execution of such contract, provided, however, that contractors for contracts executed during the period ending October 31, 1977, shall be required to complete their performance on or before October 31, 1978. Notwithstanding the provisions of the foregoing sentence, the parties to this Agreement recognize that contracts for economics studies normally require for their performance a period of time extending approximately 3 months beyond completion of technology studies, and the Administrator shall not be deemed to be in default of the performance of his obligations under this paragraph if such additional 3 month period beyond the 12 month (or other) period allowed for technology and ecological and public health studies is allowed for completion of a related economics study. (b) The regulations required to be developed under this Agreement for each category shall be proposed by publication in the Federal Register not later than six months following the completion of performance of the contract or contracts issued for each such category, and shall be finally promulgated for such category not later than six months following proposal. Proposed regulations for five categories shall be published in the Federal Register not later than September 30, 1978; proposed regulations for another five categories shall be published in the Federal Register not later than December 31, 1978; proposed regulations for another six categories shall be published in the Federal Register not later than March 31, 1979; and proposed regulations for the remaining five categories shall be published in the Federal Register not later than June 30, 1979. Final regulations for five categories shall be promulgated not later than March 31, 1979; final regulations for another five categories shall be promulgated not later than June 30, 1979; final regulations for another six categories shall be promulgated not later than September 30, 1979; and final regulations for the remaining five categories shall be promulgated not later than December 31, 1979. (c) In determining the order or priority in which such category-by-category contracts are issued, the Administrator shall follow the prioritization set forth in Appendix B, except that where information comes to the attention of the Administrator indicating that the goals and purposes of the Act can be better served by changing the prioritization of any one or more categories, he may do so and shall promptly advise the parties to the captioned cases in writing of his decision to do so; the parties to this Agreement intend, however, that such changes shall be few in number. In no event, however, shall a change in priority result in promulgation of fewer regulations than are required on a cumulative basis by subparagraphs (a) and (b) above. (d) Compliance with the dates for publication of proposed regulations and for promulgation of final regulations shall be deemed satisfied if the Administrator signs the regulations for each listed category of point sources on or before the date specified in the Schedule. The Administrator shall use his best efforts to obtain the earliest possible Federal Register publication following his signature of each proposed and final regulation. The regulations shall be effective not later than 30 days following their publication in the Federal Register. F. Exclusion of Point Source Categories and Exclusion of Substances from Specific Point Source Categories or Subcategories 8. (a) Upon completion of the technology, economic, and public health and ecological data gathering, including contracts, for a point source category listed in Appendix B and prior to publication of proposed regulations for such point source category, the Administrator may exclude from regulation under the effluent limitations and guidelines, standards of performance, and/or pretreatment standards contemplated by this Agreement for such category a specific pollutant for any of the following reasons, based upon information available to him: (i) Equally or more stringent protection is already provided by an effluent, new source performance, or pretreatment standard or by an effluent limitation and guideline promulgated pursuant to §§ 301, 304, 306, 307(a), 307(b) or 307(c) of the Act. (ii) Except for pretreatment standards, the specific pollutant is present in the effluent discharge solely as a result of its presence in intake waters taken from the same body of water into which it is discharged and, for pretreatment standards, the specific pollutant is present in the effluent which is introduced into treatment works (as defined in § 212 of the Act) which are publicly owned solely as a result of its presence in the point source's intake waters, provided however, that such point source may be subject to an appropriate effluent limitation for such pollutant pursuant to the requirements of § 307; or (iii) the specific pollutant is either not present in the discharge or in the effluent which is introduced into treatment works (as defined in § 212 of the Act) which are publicly owned or is present only in trace amounts and is neither causing, nor likely to cause, toxic effects with respect to any identifiable organisms affected or likely to be affected by such discharge or effluent. Such exclusions may also be made following proposal or promulgation of standards whenever information comes to the attention of the Administrator indicating that exclusion for any of the foregoing reasons is warranted. (b) Upon completion of the technology, economic, and public health and ecological data gathering, including contracts, for a point source category listed in Appendix B and prior to publication of proposed regulations for such point source category, the Administrator may exclude from regulation under the pretreatment standards contemplated by this Agreement all point sources within a point source category or point source subcategory: (i) if 95 percent or more of all point sources in the point source category or subcategory introduce into treatment works (as defined in § 212 of the Act) which are publicly owned only pollutants which are susceptible to treatment by such treatment works and which do not interfere with, do not pass through, or are not otherwise incompatible with such treatment works, or (A) the amount of pollutants introduced by such point sources into treatment works (as defined in § 212 of the Act) which are publicly owned which pollutants are not susceptible to treatment by such treatment works or interfere with, pass through, or are otherwise incompatible with such treatment works and (B) the toxicity of such pollutants taken together is so insignificant as not to justify developing a pretreatment regulation in accordance with the schedules set out in paragraphs 7 and 13 of this Agreement. (c) Whenever the Administrator decides to exclude a point source category or a specific pollutant from coverage pursuant to this section of this Agreement, he shall promptly serve upon the parties to the captioned cases, or their designated representative or attorney, a statement under oath designating the point source category or subcategory or specific pollutant to be excluded together with the reasons therefore. Such statement shall detail the reasons for Administrator's exclusion, and shall set forth the data and information forming the basis for the exclusion. Proposed regulations for each point source category or subcategory shall identify each such exclusion, shall summarize the Administrator's statement, and shall invite public comments on such exclusion. 9. The Administrator shall provide the parties to the captioned cases quarterly oral briefings which shall discuss in reasonable detail the progress of the Agency and its contractors in the development and promulgation of the regulations required by this Agreement, and as appropriate shall provide the parties to the captioned cases with pertinent documents and written materials supporting such progress reports. H. Application of Regulations to Point Sources 10. The regulations developed pursuant to this Agreement shall be applied and shall be required to be applied by the Administrator to the full extent of his authority as expeditiously as possible to all point sources covered by such regulations. Such application: (a) shall where applicable be accomplished by issuance or modification of an NPDES permit; with respect to any NPDES permit issued pursuant to § 402(a) and (b) of the Act for any point source within a point source category listed in Appendix B which is issued or renewed on or after January 1, 1978, but prior to promulgation of the applicable regulations required hereunder, the Administrator shall require a provision in the permit that such permit shall be revised or modified so as to require compliance with any more stringent effluent limitation, guideline, or standard which may be established for such point source category pursuant to this Agreement; (b) shall require achievement of any effluent limitation or guideline or pretreatment standard at he earliest possible time but in no case later than June 30, 1983; and (c) shall apply new source performance standards and pretreatment standards in the manner specified in §§ 306 and 307 of the Act. I. Additional Protection of Public Health 11. Not later than June 30, 1978, after opportunity for public comment, the Administrator shall publish under § 304(a) of the Act water quality criteria accurately reflecting the latest scientific knowledge on the kind and extent of all identifiable effects on aquatic organisms and human health of each of the pollutants listed in Appendix A. Such water quality criteria shall state, inter alia, for each of the pollutants listed in Appendix A, the recommended maximum permissible concentrations (including where appropriate zero) consistent with the protection of aquatic organisms, human health, and recreational activities. 12. Whenever in the judgment of the Administrator the discharge of any pollutant listed in Appendix A by a point source or group of point sources would, with application of effluent limitations, guidelines and standards otherwise mandated under this Agreement, interfere with the attainment or maintenance of that water quality in a specific portion of the navigable waters which shall assure protection of public water supplies, agricultural and industrial uses, and the protection and propagation of a balanced population of shellfish, fish and wildlife, and allow recreational activities in and on the water, the Administrator shall forthwith establish more stringent effluent limitations and guidelines (including alternative effluent control strategies) for such point source or sources pursuant to his authority under § 302, or at his discretion under §§ 301/303 or 307(a).2 Not later than June 30, 1978, the Administrator shall establish a specific and substantial program with the objective and capability of determining whether more stringent effluent limitations, guidelines, and standards are necessary under this paragraph 12. J. Promulgation of Pretreatment Regulations for Specific Point Source Categories 13. (a) In accordance with the schedule set out in subparagraph (b) below, the Administrator shall develop and promulgate regulations which shall establish pretreatment standards for introduction of pollutants into treatment works (as defined in § 212 of the Act) which are publicly owned for those pollutants which are determined not to be susceptible to treatment by such treatment works or which interfere with, pass through or are otherwise incompatible with such works. Such standards shall be developed and applied in the manner specified in §§ 307(b) and (c) of the Act. Limitations regarding point source coverage shall be consistent with the requirements of paragraph 6 of this Agreement. The parties to this Agreement agree that the pretreatment standards promulgated pursuant to the schedule set out in this paragraph shall be generally analogous to best practicable control technology currently available as set out in §§ 301(b)(1)(A) and 304(b)(1) of the Act as distinguished from the pretreatment standards promulgated pursuant to paragraph 7 above to which both technological standards set out in §§ 301(b)(1)(A) and 301(b)(2)(A) and 304(b) shall apply. (b) Pretreatment regulations as provided in subparagraph (a) above shall be promulgated according to the following schedule:
14. The Administrator shall propose standards pursuant to § 307(a) of the Act for aldrin/ dieldrin, DDT (DDD, DDE), endrin, and toxaphene on or before May 31, 1976; and for benzidine on or before June 22, 1976; and for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) on or before July 14, 1976. Not later than six months following proposal of each set of such standards, the Administrator shall promulgate final standards for each of such pollutants. L. General Provisions 15. Section and Paragraph Headings The headings and titles of the various sections and paragraphs of this Agreement are intended for purposes of identification and convenience only and are not to be construed as imparting or affecting any substantive rights or obligations under this Agreement. This Agreement, together with the Appendices attached hereto and identified herein, constitute the entire agreement between the parties to this Agreement concerning the rights and obligations herein discussed, and shall become effective upon its approval and incorporation into an appropriate order by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. 17. Notice to Parties, Designation Any notice or modification required to be served upon any of the parties to this Agreement under any of the terms of this Agreement shall be given as follows: If to defendants Russell E. Train, James I. Agee, or Environmental Protection Agency: General Counsel, Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460 Thomas A. Pursley, III, Esq., Land & Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice, 9th & Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20530 If to plaintiff Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.: Director, Project on Clean Water, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 917 15th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005 If to plaintiff Environmental Defense Fund, Inc.: Dr. Robert Harris, Environmental Defense Fund, Inc., 1525 18th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 Ronald J. Wilson, Esq., 810 18th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 If to plaintiff Businessmen for the Public Interest, Inc.: David D. Comey, Director, Environmental Research, Business and Professional People for the Public Interest, 129 North Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60606 If to plaintiff National Audubon Society, Inc.: Louis R. Proyect, Esq., Gifford, Woody, Carter & Hays, One Wall Street, New York, New York 10005 If to plaintiffs Citizens for a Better Environment or Dennis L. Adamczyk: Sherwood L. Levin, Esq., 188 W. Randolph Street, Chicago, Illinois 60601 If to intervening defendants National Coal Association and member companies: Robert F. Stauffer, General Counsel, National Coal Association, 1130 17th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 Any party to this Agreement may change his designee for notice by sending written notice of such change to each of the other such parties. 18. By executing this agreement, any intervening defendant signatory does not waive any right to pursue in litigation any position inconsistent with this Decree or to challenge on any grounds regulations promulgated pursuant to this Decree; IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties to this Agreement have executed this Settlement Agreement this 7 day of June, 1976. Antimony and compounds* Chlordane (technical mixture and metabolites) Chlorinated benzenes (other than dichlorobenzenes) Chlorinated ethanes (including 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and hexachloroethane) Chloroalkyl ethers (chloromethyl, chloroethyl, and mixed ethers) Chlorinated phenols (other than those listed elsewhere; includes trichlorophenols and chlorinated cresols) Dichlorobenzenes (1,2-1,3-, and 1,4-dichlorobenzenes) Dichloroethylenes (1,1-and 1,2-dichloroethylene) Dichloropropane and dichloropropene Haloethers (other than those listed elsewhere; includes chlorophenylphenyl ethers, bromophenylphenyl ether, bis(dischloroisopropyl) ether, bis-(chloroethoxy) methane and polychlorinated diphenyl ethers) Halomethanes (other than those listed elsewhere; includes methylene chloride methylchloride, methylbromide, bromoform, dichlorobromomethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane) Hexachlorocyclohexane (all isomers) Nitrophenols (including 2,4-dinitrophenol, dinitrocresol) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (including benzanthracenes, benzopyrenes, benzofluoranthene, chrysenes, dibenzanthracenes, and indenopyrenes) Selenium and compounds 2,3,7,8-Tetrochlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) The scope of coverage for the point source categories listed below is as set forth in paragraphs 5 and 6 of the Agreement. SIC 2411 — Logging Camps and Logging Contractors (Camps Only) SIC 2421 — Saw Mills and Planning Mills, General SIC 2426 — Hardwood Dimension and Flooring Mills SIC 2429 — Special Purpose Sawmills, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 2434 — Wood Kitchen Cabinets SIC 2435 — Hardwood Veneer and Plywood SIC 2436 — Softwood Veneer and Plywood SIC 2439 — Structural Wood Members, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 2499 — Wood Products, Not Elsewhere Classified (Furniture Mills) SIC 2661 — Building Paper and Building Board Mills (Hardboard Only) 2. STEAM ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS SIC 4911 — Electric Services (Limited to Steam-Electric Power Plants) 3. LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING SIC 31 — Leather and Leather Products 4. IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING SIC 3312 — Blast Furnaces (including Coke Ovens), Steel Works and Rolling Mills SIC 3313 — Electrometallurgical Products SIC 3315 — Steel Wire Drawing and Steel Nails and Spikes SIC 3316 — Cold Rolled Steel Sheet, Strip and Bars SIC 3317 — Steel Pipe and Tubes SIC 2911 — Petroleum Refining (Including 1) Topping Plant; 2) Topping and Cracking Plants; 3) Topping, Cracking and Petro-chemical Plants; 4) Integrated Plants; and, 5) Integrated and Petro-chemical Plants) 6. INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING SIC 2812 — Alkalies and Chlorine SIC 2819 — Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 22 — Textile Mill Products SIC 23 — Apparel and Other Finished Products Made from Fabrics and Similar Materials 8. ORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING SIC 2865 — Cylic (Coal Tar) Crudes, and Cylic Intermediates, Dyes, and Organic Pigments (Lakes and Toners) SIC 2869 — Industrial Organic Chemicals, Not Elsewhere Classified 9. NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING SIC 2819 — Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, Not Elsewhere Classified (Bauxite Refining Only) SIC 3331 — Primary Smelting and Refining of Copper SIC 3332 — Primary Smelting and Refining of Lead SIC 3333 — Primary Smelting and Refining of Zinc SIC 3334 — Primary Production of Aluminum SIC 3339 — Primary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metals. Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3341 — Secondary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metals 10. PAVING AND ROOFING MATERIALS (TARS AND ASPHALT) SIC 2951 — Paving Mixtures and Blocks SIC 2952 — Asphalt Felts and Coatings SIC 3996 — Linoleum, Asphalted-Felt-Base, and Other Hard Surface Floor Coverings, Not Elsewhere Classified 11. PAINT AND INK FORMULATION AND PRINTING SIC 2711 — Newspapers: Publishing, Publishing and Printing SIC 2721 — Periodicals: Publishing, Publishing and Printing SIC 2731 — Books: Publishing, Publishing and Printing SIC 2741 — Miscellaneous Publishing SIC 2751 — Commercial Printing, Letterpress and Screen SIC 2752 — Commercial Printing, Letterpress and Lithographic SIC 2753 — Engraving and Plate Printing SIC 2754 — Commercial Printing, Gravure SIC 2761 — Mainfold Business Forms SIC 2771 — Greeting Card Publishing SIC 2794 — Electrotyping and Stereotyping SIC 2795 — Lithographic Platemaking and Related Services SIC 2851 — Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Enamels, and Allied Products SIC 3951 — Pens, Mechanical Pencils, and Parts and Stamp Pads (Inked Materials Only) SIC 3952 — Lead Pencils, Crayons, and Artists' Materials SIC 3955 — Carbon Paper and Inked Ribbons 12. SOAP AND DETERGENT MANUFACTURING SIC 2841 — Soap and Other Detergents, except Specialty Cleaners SIC 7211 — Power Laundries, Family and Commercial SIC 7215 — Coin-operated Laundries and Dry Cleaning SIC 7216 — Dry Cleaning Plants, Except Rug Cleaning SIC 7217 — Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning SIC 7218 — Industrial Laundries SIC 7219 — Laundry and Garment Services, Not Elsewhere Classified None — Auto Wash Establishments 14. PLASTIC AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS MANUFACTURING SIC 282 — Plastic Materials and Synthetic Resins, Synthetic and Other Manmade Fibers, except Glass 15. PULP AND PAPERBOARD MILLS; AND CONVERTED PAPER PRODUCTS SIC 2621 — Paper Mills, except Building Paper Mills SIC 2641 — Paper Coating and Glazing SIC 2643 — Bags, Except Textile Bags SIC 2645 — Die-Cut Paper and Paperboard and Cardboard SIC 2646 — Pressed and Molded Pulp Goods SIC 2647 — Sanitary Paper Products SIC 2648 — Stationery, Tablets, and Related Products SIC 2649 — Converted Paper and Paperboard Products, Not SIC 2651 — Folding Paperboard Boxes SIC 2652 — Set-up Paperboard Boxes SIC 2653 — Corrugated and Solid Fiber Boxes SIC 2654 — Sanitary Food Containers SIC 2655 — Fiber Cans, Tubes, Drum, and Similar Products SIC 2661 — Building Paper and Building Board Mills SIC 2782 — Blankbooks, Looseleaf Binders and Devices SIC 2822 — Synthetic Rubber (Vulcanizable Elastomers) SIC 3011 — Tires and Inner Tubes SIC 3021 — Rubber and Plastics Footwear (Rubber Only) SIC 3041 — Rubber and Plastics Hose and Belting (Rubber Only) SIC 3069 — Fabricated Rubber Products, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3293 — Gaskets, Packing, and Sealing Devices (Rubber Packing Only) SIC 2831 — Biological Products SIC 2833 — Medicinal Chemicals and Botanical Products SIC 2834 — Pharmaceutical Preparations SIC 2861 — Gum and Wood Chemicals SIC 2879 — Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 2891 — Adhesive and Sealants SIC 2899 — Chemicals and Chemical Preparation, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3861 — Photographic Equipment and Supplies 18. MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING SIC 3021 — Rubber and Plastics Footwear (Balance) SIC 3041 — Rubber and Plastics Hose and Belting (Balance) SIC 3079 — Miscellaneous Plastics Products SIC 3293 — Gaskets, Packing, and Sealing Devices (Balance) SIC 3321 — Gray Iron Foundries SIC 3322 — Malleable Iron Foundries SIC 3324 — Steel Investment Foundries SIC 3325 — Steel Foundries, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3351 — Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding of Copper SIC 3353 — Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil SIC 3354 — Aluminum Extruded Products SIC 3355 — Aluminum Rolling and Drawing, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3356 — Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding of Nonferrous Metals, except copper and aluminum SIC 3357 — Drawing and Insulating of Nonferrous Wire SIC 3361 — Aluminum Foundries (Castings) SIC 3362 — Brass, Bronze, Copper, Copper Base Alloy Foundries (Castings) SIC 3369 — Nonferrous Foundries (Castings), Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3398 — Metal Heat Treating SIC 3399 — Primary Metal Products, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3412 — Metal Shipping Barrels, Drums, Kegs, and Pails SIC 3423 — Hand and Edge Tools, Except Machine Tools and Hand Saws SIC 3425 — Hand Saws and Saw Blades SIC 3429 — Hardware, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3431 — Enameled Iron and Metal Sanitary Ware SIC 3432 — Plumbing Fixture Fittings and Trim (Brass Goods) SIC 3433 — Heating Equipment, Except Electric and Warm Air Furnaces SIC 3441 — Fabricated Structural Metal SIC 3442 — Metal Doors, Sash, Frames, Molding, and Trim SIC 3443 — Fabricated Platework (Boiler Shops) SIC 3446 — Architectural and Ornamental Metal Work SIC 3448 — Prefabricated Metal Buildings and Components SIC 3449 — Miscellaneous Metal Work SIC 3451 — Screw Machine Products SIC 3452 — Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Rivets, and Washers SIC 3462 — Iron and Steel Forgings SIC 3463 — Nonferrous Forgings SIC 3465 — Automotive Stampings SIC 3466 — Crowns and Closures SIC 3469 — Metal Stampings, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3482 — Small Arms Ammunition SIC 3483 — Ammunition, Except for Small Arms, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3489 — Ordnance and Accessories, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3493 — Steel Springs, Except Wire SIC 3494 — Valves and Pipe Fittings, Except Plumbers' Brass Goods SIC 3496 — Miscellaneous Fabricated Wire Products SIC 3497 — Metal Foil and Leaf SIC 3498 — Fabricated Pipe and Fabricated Pipe Fittings SIC 3499 — Fabricated Metal Products, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3511 — Steam, Gas, and Hydraulic Turbines and Turbine Generator Set Units SIC 3519 — Internal Combustion Engines, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3523 — Farm Machinery and Equipment SIC 3524 — Garden Tractor and Lawn and Garden Equipment SIC 3531 — Construction Machinery and Equipment SIC 3532 — Mining Machinery and Equipment, Except Oil Field Machinery and Equipment SIC 3533 — Oil Field Machinery and Equipment SIC 3534 — Elevators and Moving Stairways SIC 3535 — Conveyors and Conveying Equipment SIC 3536 — Hoists, Industrial Cranes, and Monorail Systems SIC 3537 — Industrial Trucks, Tractors, Trailers, and Stackers SIC 3541 — Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types SIC 3542 — Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types SIC 3544 — Special Dies and Tools, Die Sets, Jigs and Fixtures and Industrial Molds SIC 3545 — Machine Tool Accessories and Measuring Devices SIC 3546 — Power Driven Hand Tools SIC 3547 — Rolling Mill Machinery and Equipment SIC 3549 — Metalworking Machinery, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3551 — Food Products Machinery SIC 3553 — Woodworking Machinery SIC 3554 — Paper Industries Machinery SIC 3555 — Printing Trades Machinery and Equipment SIC 3559 — Special Industry Machinery, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3561 — Pumps and Pumping Equipment SIC 3562 — Ball and Roller Bearings SIC 3563 — Air and Gas Compressors SIC 3564 — Blowers and Exhaust and Ventilation Fans SIC 3565 — Industrial Patterns SIC 3566 — Speed Changers, Industrial High Speed Drives, and Gears SIC 3567 — Industrial Process Furnances and Ovens SIC 3568 — Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3569 — General Industrial Machinery and Equipment, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3573 — Electronic Computing Equipment SIC 3574 — Calculating and Accounting Machines, Except Electronic Computing Equipment SIC 3576 — Scales and Balances, Except Laboratory SIC 3579 — Office Machines, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3581 — Automatic Merchandising Machines SIC 3582 — Commercial Laundry, Dry Cleaning, and Pressing Machines SIC 3585 — Air Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment SIC 3586 — Measuring and Dispensing Pumps SIC 3589 — Service Industry Machines, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3592 — Carburetors, Piston, Piston Rings, and Valves SIC 3599 — Machinery, Except Electrical, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3612 — Power, Distribution, and Specially Transformers SIC 3613 — Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus SIC 3621 — Motors and Generators SIC 3622 — Industrial Controls SIC 3623 — Welding Apparatus, Electric SIC 3624 — Carbon and Graphite Products SIC 3629 — Electrical Industrial Apparatus, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3631 — Household Cooking Equipment SIC 3632 — Household Refrigerators and Home and Farm Freezers SIC 3633 — Household Laundry Equipment SIC 3634 — Electric Housewares and Fans SIC 3635 — Household Vacuum Cleaners SIC 3639 — Household Appliances, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3643 — Current-Carrying Wiring Devices SIC 3644 — Noncurrent-Carrying Wiring Devices SIC 3645 — Residential Electric Lighting Fixtures SIC 3646 — Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Electric Lighting Fixtures SIC 3647 — Vehicular Lighting Equipment SIC 3648 — Lighting Equipment, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3651 — Radio and Television Receiving Sets, Except Communication Types SIC 3652 — Phonograph Records and Pre-recorded Magnetic Tape SIC 3661 — Telephone and Telegraph Apparatus SIC 3662 — Radio and Television Transmitting, Signaling, and Detection Equipment and Apparatus SIC 3671 — Radio and Television Receiving Type Electron Tubes, Except Cathode Ray SIC 3672 — Cathode Ray Television Picture Tubes SIC 3673 — Transmitting, Industrial, and Special Purpose Electron Tubes SIC 3674 — Semiconductors and Related Devices SIC 3675 — Electronic Capacitors SIC 3676 — Resistors, for Electronic Applications SIC 3677 — Electronic Coils, Transformers and Other Inductors SIC 3678 — Connectors, for Electronic Applications SIC 3679 — Electronic Components, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3692 — Primary Batteries, Dry and Wet SIC 3693 — Radiographic X-ray, Fluoroscopic X-ray, Therapeutic X-ray, and Other X-ray Apparatus and Tubes; Electromedical and Electrotherapeutic Apparatus SIC 3694 — Electrical Equipment for Internal Combustion Engines SIC 3699 — Electrical Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3711 — Motor Vehicles and Passenger Car Bodies SIC 3713 — Truck and Bus Bodies SIC 3714 — Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories SIC 3724 — Aircraft Engines and Engine Parts SIC 3728 — Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3731 — Ship Building and Repairing SIC 3732 — Boat Building and Repairing SIC 3751 — Motorcycles, Bicycles, and Parts SIC 3761 — Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles SIC 3764 — Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Units and Propulsion Unit Parts SIC 3769 — Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3792 — Travel Trailers and Campers SIC 3795 — Tanks and Tank Components SIC 3799 — Transportation Equipment, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3811 — Engineering, Laboratory, Scientific, and Research Instruments and Associated Equipment SIC 3822 — Automatic Controls for Regulating Residential and Commercial Environments and Appliances SIC 3823 — Industrial Instruments for Measurement, Display and Control of Process Variables; and Related Products SIC 3824 — Totalizing Fluid Meters and Counting Devices SIC 3825 — Instruments for Measuring and Testing of Electricity and Electrical Signals SIC 3829 — Measuring and Controlling Devices, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3832 — Optical Instruments and Lenses SIC 3841 — Surgical and Medical Instruments and Apparatus SIC 3842 — Orthopedic, Prosthetic, and Surgical Appliances and Supplies SIC 3843 — Dental Equipment and Supplies SIC 3873 — Watches, Clocks, Clockwork Operated Devices and Parts SIC 3911 — Jewelry, Precious Metal SIC 3914 — Silverware, Plated Ware, and Stainless Steel Ware SIC 3915 — Jewelers' Findings and Materials, and Lapidary Work SIC 3931 — Musical Instruments SIC 3944 — Games, Toys, and Children's Vehicles; Except Dolls and Bicycles SIC 3949 — Sporting and Athletic Goods, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 3951 — Pens, Merchanical Pencils, and Parts (Balance) SIC 3961 — Costume Jewelry and Costume Novelties, Except Precious Metal SIC 3993 — Signs and Advertising Displays SIC 347 — Coating, Engraving and Allied Services SIC 1051 — Bauxite and Other Aluminum Ores SIC 1061 — Ferroalloy Ores, Except Vanadium SIC 1094 — Uranium-Radium-Vanadium Ores SIC 1099 — Metal Ores, Not Elsewhere Classified SIC 1112 — Anthracite Mining Services SIC 1211 — Bituminous Coal and Lignite SIC 1213 — Bituminous Coal and Lignite Mining Services 1. The intervenors in Civil Action No. 75-172 were permitted to enter the case by order of Judge Joseph C. Waddy. For the reasons stated in the Memorandum accompanying the Order of April 29, 1976, denying all motions to intervene in the above-captioned cases, the court finds that Judge Waddy permitted intervention under Rule 24(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See Order of April 29, 1976, accompanying memorandum at 7 [Omitted. — Ed.]. 2. The court's interpretation of the agreement, especially paragraph 8(c), is spelled out in a letter sent to the parties on May 26, 1976. The parties' concurrence in this interpretation is found in letters sent to the court on June 7, 1976. All three letters are part of the records in each of the four cases. 3. The EPA also remains free to initiate rulemaking proceedings for pollutants and point sources not specified in the agreement. Intervenors cannot, therefore, argue that the agreement imposes a negative restraint on the EPA's ability to choose appropriate subjects for regulation. 1. As used in this Agreement, the term "point sources" applies both to discharges of pollutants into navigable waters and to the introduction of pollutants into treatment works (as defined in § 212 of the Act) which are publicly owned. 2. This reference to the various sections of the Act reflects the agreement of the parties hereto that under this Agreement the Administrator may act under § 301/303 (water quality standards), § 307(a), or § 202 in establishing such more stringent limitations. It does not reflect any agreement among the parties to this Agreement as to whether the Administrator must act under more than one of these authorities. 3. SIC Code Classifications for each of the above point source categories are set forth in Appendix B attached hereto. * As used throughout this Appendix A the term "compounds" shall include organic and inorganic compounds. 6 ELR 20588 | Environmental Law Reporter | copyright © 1976 | All rights reserved |