Editors' Summary

Regulating greenhouse gas emissions through cap-andtrade programs appears inevitable in the United States and conflicts among stakeholders are likely to result in new litigation. The European Union Emission Trading Scheme and U.S. Acid Rain Program can be examined as exemplars to identify the stakeholders of a cap-andtrade program and the types of conflicts that are likely to emerge. Several categories of litigation are likely to develop following the enactment of federal cap-and-trade legislation, including challenges to the program, challenges to competing state and regional programs, actions enforcing the federal program, and related civil litigation among stakeholders.